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Abstract
Rooted cranberry cuttings (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. ‘McFarlin’) were placed in nutrient solution with
Heightened awareness of ecological concerns have prompted many municipalities to promote water conservation through landscape design. In central Arizona, urban residential landscapes containing desert-adapted plant species are termed xeriscapes, while those containing temperate or tropical species and turf are termed mesoscapes. Research was conducted to ascertain landscape plant species diversity, tree, shrub, and ground cover frequency; landscape canopy area coverage; and monthly irrigation application volumes for xeric and mesic urban residential landscapes. The residential urban landscapes were located in Tempe and Phoenix, Ariz., and all were installed initially between 1985 and 1995. Although species composition of xeric and mesic landscapes was generally dissimilar, both landscape types had comparable species diversity. Mesoscapes had significantly more trees and shrubs and about 2.3 times more canopy area coverage per landscaped area than xeriscapes. Monthly irrigation application volumes per landscaped surface area were higher for xeriscapes. Even though human preference for xeric landscape plants may be ecological in principle, use of desert-adapted species in central Arizona urban residential landscape settings might not result in less landscape water use compared with mesic landscapes.
Abstract
Hybrid onion, ‘Sweet Sandwich’, pedigree (MSU 5718 X MSU 8155) X MSU 826, released in Apr. 1982 by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture with Michigan State and Cornell Univ. Agricultural Experiment Stations, is adapted to areas of New York and the upper Midwest where ‘Spartan Banner’ and other late-maturing storage cultivars are grown. In nine years of trials on organic soil at Palmyra, ‘Sweet Sandwich’ produced consistently high yields, equal to ‘Spartan Banner’, ‘Spartan Banner 80’, ‘Surecrop’, and ‘Sentinel’, widely grown hybrids in northern muckland areas (Table 1). In 1984, ‘Sweet Sandwich’ outyielded ‘Sentinel’, the most widely grown cultivar in New York, in four of seven locations and produced an equal yield in the other three locations. At relatively low plant density during two years of spacing trials in New York, ‘Sweet Sandwich’ produced the large size preferred for mild onions without later maturity and increased storage decay.
Abstract
Rooted cuttings of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were grown in nutrient solutions containing different levels and combinations of NH4-N and NO3-N. Disappearance rate of the two forms from the nutrient solutions as determined by periodic analysis indicated that the plants absorbed the NH4-N more rapidly than NO3-N. Although both forms produced healthy plants, the plants receiving NH4-N were twice the size and dry matter yield of the NO3 plants after 15 weeks. Shoot N concentrations ranged from 0.99% to 1.29% for the N forms except where the blueberry plants had depleted the solutions of NH4-N before termination of the experiment. The N forms had a significant affect on the concentration of other plant nutrients, notably very low concentrations of Ca and Mg in roots with NH4-N and very high concentrations of Mn and Fe in roots with NO3-N plants. Expected levels of Mn and Fe and light brown roots were found with NH4-N plants.
Abstract
In plants grown without Fe or with Fe tartrate, 0.50 ppm Cu reduced Fe concn only in the roots. When FeEDTA was used, Fe concn were higher in the roots at 0.04 and 0.50 ppm Cu than other treatments. Concentrations of Cu in the roots increased with the increase in Cu in the nutrient solution; in the shoots there was little difference. With FeEDTA, the Cu concn in the roots and shoots at both levels of Cu was considerably less than with Fe tartrate or without Fe. Microprobe analysis showed accumulations of Fe in wall areas of some xylem elements in the midrib of leaves of plants grown with Fe tartrate-0.50 ppm Cu only. Iron did not accumulate in comparable tissues with Fe tartrate-0.04 ppm Cu and with FeEDTA-0.04 and 0.50 ppm Cu. Copper was distributed uniformly throughout the tissues but P accumulated only in wall areas of the cells. The localization of Fe and P in the same cell suggested that high Cu induced chlorosis by precipitation of Fe as Fe phosphate.
Abstract
The anatomy of the leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was similar when grown at 0.04 and 0.50 ppm Cu without Fe and with 0.50 ppm Cu-Fe tartrate; necrosis was most severe in the latter. Stems showed no cellular abnormalities. Compared to the controls and other treatments, however, the number of xylem and tracheary elements was less in plants grown at both levels of Cu without Fe and with 0.50 ppm Cu-Fe tartrate. Stunting of roots and shoots occurred when plants were grown with high levels of Cu or without Fe. With high Cu, blunt enlarged root tips resulted from severe hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Lateral roots were initiated within 0.4 mm from the promeristem and fewer meristematic cells were present. Anatomical symptoms characteristic of high Cu were absent when FeEDTA was used as the source of Fe.
Abstract
Cranberry plants, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. ‘Stevens’ were grown in nutrient solutions with several levels of NH4-N and NO3-N alone and in combination. The nutrient solutions were sampled weekly and analyzed for concn of NO3-N and NH4-N. It was found that the plants absorbed NH4-N preferentially to NO3-N. Dry wt and number of new shoots produced were strongly favored by the NH4 form of N. Tissue N concn was low and the plants were N-deficient when the NH4-N was depleted from the nutrient solutions before termination of the experiment, and concn was high with a sustained NH4-N supply. Plants grown in NO3-N solutions were N-deficient and had tissue N concn interm ediate to those for the extreme levels of NH4-N. No NO3-N was detected in the plant tissues. Nitrate reductase activity was absent from the aboveground portions of the plants when the possible effect of microorganisms were removed. It is concluded that NH4-N is essential for cranberry growth.
Abstract
‘La Festival’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released to provide a yellow flesh cultivar with a good quality fruit requiring 400 to 500 hr chilling. ‘La Festival’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large freestone fruit that ripen about 25 June, or about 20 days before ‘Elberta’ in southern Louisinna
Abstract
‘La Pecher’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released to provide a good quality yellow flesh cultivar with a 400 to 500 hr chilling requirement. ‘La Pecher’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large semifreestone fruit that ripen 39 days before ‘Elberta’ or about 6 June in southern Louisiana.
Abstract
‘La White’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released to provide a 600-700 hr chilling requirement, low acid, white flesh cultivar adapted to conditions in southeastern Louisiana. ‘La White’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large semi-freestone fruit that ripen 27 days before ‘Elberta’ or about 18 June in southeastern Louisiana.