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- Author or Editor: J. M. Thompson x
Abstract
‘Blairmonf apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) has been released by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, to provide a solid-red, sub-conic shaped, marketable cultivar which will develop satisfactory color and finish when grown in areas of southeastern United States where high daytime and, especially, nighttime temperatures often prohibit satisfactory development of the usual appearance attributes of many non-adapted cultivars.
Abstract
Under conditions of natural infection in the third year of planting, fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al. was less severe on the same cultivars grafted on seedling roots than on ‘EM VII’, ‘MM 104’ and MM 106’. The most susceptible cultivars appeared to be ‘Tydeman's Red’ and ‘Raritan’. ‘Williams Red’ was the only cultivar that escaped fire blight entirely.
Abstract
Initial fruit set in 6 ‘Italian’ prune orchards for 2 years was markedly influenced by post-bloom temperature. In the warm year initial sets ranged from 36 to 64%; in the cool year initial sets were 1 to 13%. Visible frost damage occurred in only 1 orchard and was not responsible for the general failure in the cool year.
Embryo sacs were studied in pistils from the same orchards in the 2 years. The cause of erratic fruit setting in ‘Italian’ prune is attributed to its genetically determined sensitivity to cool weather in the post-bloom period. Cool temperature delays pollen tube growth, fertilization, and early embryo and endosperm development so long that the ovule begins to degenerate. Ovule breakdown begins in the nucellus at the chalazal end, so that even if fertilization is finally accomplished, fruit set is not stimulated.
Abstract
Erratic fruitfulness, reputedly characteristic of ‘Italian’ prune in many areas, was pronounced in this 2-year study. Supplemental pollination with self-pollen and with pollen of 2 other cultivars did not increase fruit set over that of open-pollination in any orchard regardless of whether yield was high or low. Controlled self- and cross-pollinations established that ‘Italian’ is self-fertile. The lack of differences in fruit set on caged trees with and without bees as well as the failure to increase set with supplemental self-pollinations demonstrated that bees are not necessary to transfer the self-fertile pollen. It was concluded that inadequate pollination, in terms of quantity or quality, is not responsible for the sporadic poor yields of this cultivar.
Abstract
‘Explorer‘ plum (complex hybrid with reciprocal representations of Prunus salicina Lindl., P. americana Marsh., and P. simonii Carr.) was released by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide a large, July-maturing, amberfleshed purple plum adapted to Japanese-type plum-growing areas of the southeastern United States.
Abstract
‘Robusto’ plum (a complex diploid plum hybrid composed of Prunus salicina Lindl., P. angustifolia March., P. americana Marsh., P. cerasifera J. F. Ehrh., and P. simonii Carr.) has been released to provide the southeastern United States with a cultivar which extends the early fresh and processing ‘Bruce’ season. ‘Robusto’ is similar to ‘Bruce’ in appearance, better in quality, and matures approximately a week later.
Abstract
N and P fertilization at planting increased plant height in the first growing season of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing (M) 26 rootstocks. P fertilizer stimulated lateral bud break and, at 0.023 kg P, resulting in an increase in trunk caliper. When P was combined with 2,000 ppm butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide), no trunk response resulted. The greatest number of flower clusters and fruits developed as a result of 0.046 kg P in combination with daminozide.
Hesperaloe parviflora is a useful xeric landscape plant. Two methods of shoot culture initiation were developed. Shoots were initiated indirectly through the use of callus derived from pieces of young inflorescences. Callus was initiated on modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.32 μM kinetin. Callus produced shoots when placed on modified MS medium with 6.0 μM zeatin riboside. Direct initiation of shoots was also accomplished using the bottom four floral buds of young inflorescences. Buds were placed on modified MS media containing either benzylaminopurine or kinetin at 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 μM or zeatin riboside at 6.0 μM. The most shoots were produced by the medium containing 6.0 μM zeatin riboside. Preliminary results indicate optimum shoot production with 2.0 to 4.0 μM BA or 6.0 μM zeatin riboside.Hesperaloe parviflora micro-shoots were rooted on one quarter strength MS medium and ex vitro.
Vegetable Soybean Cultivars belonging to MG III thru V were evaluated for their Seed Yield Efficiency (SYE) and Resistance to Heliothis Zea.
This study was conducted in 1968 and 1969. Each entry was planted in a single row plot. Each plot was 5.0 m long and 0.75 m apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.. All entries were evaluated for Seed Yield Efficiency by computing the ratio of seed dry matter wt. to non-seed dry matter wt. and their resistance as the percentage of damage pods.
Preliminary data indicated that cultivars kim and Oakland (MG III), Kingston and Jefferson (MG IV), Pershing and PI 416.467 (MG V) were very high in SYE while Fuji (MG III), Sanga (MG IV) and PI 417.266 (MG V) were observed to have high level of resistance to Heliothis Zea.
We hope that these cultivars could be used as parents for the development of Breeding Program in Vegetable Soybean.
Abstract
Aluminum concentrations of 0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 ppm in nutrient solution reduced proportionately the dry weights of stem, roots, and leaves of seedlings of ‘Lovell’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Roots grown at 30 and 100 ppm A1 were shorter, thicker, and had less branching than roots grown at lower concentrations. The epidermal and endodermal cells were small, with grossly thickened cell walls. Cells of the cortex were shortened in the longitudinal axes. Leaf A1 level indicated solution A1 better than did the A1 levels of roots, stems, or the 2% acetic acid-extractable A1 fraction of leaves, stems, or roots. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Mn, and P were reduced as A1 concentration increased.