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- Author or Editor: J. E. Butterfield x
Abstract
Over a 3-year period, losses in dry onions (Allium cepa L.) at the retail and consumer levels, respectively, in metropolitan New York were 0.2 and 3.7% for ‘Yellow Globe’ onions, 3.0 and 4.2% for ‘Grano-Granex’ onions, and 8.0 and 6.4% for Spanish type onions. Parasitic diseases, principally Botrytis rots, caused most of the loss in the 3 onion types at both levels.
Abstract
Retail store losses of whole heads or their equivalents of western crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) in the fall and winter crop were 4.2 and 5.2% in field-wrapped and nonwrapped heads, respectively, during 1977-80 in metropolitan New York. Trimming losses increased the retail loss to 14% one year. Consumer level losses for 3 years was 11%. Bacterial soft rot and rusty brown discoloration were the chief causes of loss in retail stores. Mechanical injuries and russet spotting were the leading causes of loss in consumer samples.
Abstract
In a 3-year study conducted in metropolitan New York, retail losses of fresh green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were 14.9% when merchandized in bulk, but only 3.8% when prepackaged. Samples procured from bulk and from prepackaged retail store displays and held for 3 days under refrigeration to simulate home conditions had 8.2% and 10.5% waste, respectively. Desiccation was the leading cause of retail loss. Mechanical and physical injuries caused most of the loss in consumer samples.
Abstract
Parasitic diseases were the main cause of losses at retail and consumer levels in fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) marketed in Greater New York in 1974-1977. Losses at the retail level (LRL) were 6.3 and 6.7% in prepackaged and loose fruits, respectively, and losses in consumer samples (LCL) were 7.9 and 4.7%, respectively. More than 60% of the LRL and 80% of the LCL resulted from diseases, principally alternaria, rhizopus, and gray mold rots and bacterial soft rot. Physical injuries and physiological disorders caused the remaining losses, the former being considerably more damaging.
Abstract
Retail losses totaled 5.9% in dry-type and 5.4% in moist-type sweet potatoes in 7 representative metropolitan New York supermarkets during 1970-73. Losses in consumer samples purchased in 6 stores were 10.7% in the dry types and 8.0% in the moist types after being held 4 days at 21°C. Rhizopus soft rot, mechanical injury, and desiccation were the leading causes of loss in retail. Rhizopus soft rot and hardcore, a “cooking hard” disorder, caused most of the loss in consumer samples.
Abstract
During 1970-73, the condition of western-grown pears (Pyrus communis L.) was studied in metropolitan New York supermarkets and in consumer samples. Retail losses totaled 4.9, 2.5, and 1.9%. in ‘Bosc’, ‘d’Anjou’, and ‘Bartlett’ pears, respectively, and waste in consumer samples was 5.2, 1.6, and 4.0%, respectively. Mechanical injury caused the most loss in retail and internal breakdown the most in consumer samples.
Abstract
Retail and consumer level losses of western sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) studied in metropolitan New York during 1977–80 were 9.9 and 12.0%, respectively. More loss was observed in store-prepackaged consumer samples than in consumer samples obtained from bulk displays. Half of the loss at each level resulted from parasitic diseases and a third from physiological disorders. The remaining loss was caused by mechanical injuries.