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- Author or Editor: Harry A. Mills x
Abstract
Multiple applications of nitrapyrin (5 ppm/pot/week) increased NO3-N retention significantly over the control, and medium NO3-N was consistantly higher with multiple applications than with a single preplant application of nitrapyrin (50 ppm) when NO3-N was the fertilizer source. Multiple applications of nitrapyrin were less effective in increasing plant growth than a single application with an NH4-N fertilizer source.
Mature zucchini squash plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) were grown under four NO3:NH4 ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) to determine effects on macronutrient nutrition. Plants were grown in solution culture under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were applied at first bloom. Highest uptake of Ca and Mg occurred in the 1:0 NO3:NH4 treatment while higher K uptake was found in the 3:1 NO3:NH4 treatment. Total nitrogen uptake was greatest in the 1:1 and 3:1 NO3:NH4 treatments. A 3:1 NO3:NH4 ratio applied at first bloom gave best overall uptake of N, K, Ca, and Mg.
`Freedom' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Kl.) were grown to flowering in solution culture for 11 weeks. Treatments consisted of five ammonium: nitrate nitrogen ratios: 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 with a total N concentration of 150 mg N/liter. The balance of essential nutrients was supplied with a modified Hoagland's solution. Fresh weight, dry weight, and macro- and micronutrient content of bracts, leaves, petioles, stems, and roots were determined at the end of the study. Leaf and bract area also was measured. Maximum bract size was achieved with 100% nitrate (0:1) treatment. Leaves were largest with the 1:3 ratio. Plants receiving ammonium as the sole N source exhibited severe ammonium toxicity symptoms: stunted growth, foliar chlorosis and necrosis, premature leaf abscission, stunted and clubby roots, and delayed or nonexistent bract coloring. Dry weights for bracts, leaves, stems, and roots increased as the ratio of nitrate increased. Elemental uptake was monitored weekly. Nitrogen-form effect on the uptake, concentration, and partitioning of other nutrients also was evaluated.
Crop-specific tailoring of fertilizer composition and timing of application reduces expense and runoff pollution. We examined the effects N forms and ratios have on growth, development, and utilization of nutrients in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotz.). Rooted cuttings of poinsettia `Freedom' were grown to flowering (10 weeks) in aerated solution culture under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of five N ratios (percent ammonium: percent nitrate) of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 with a total N concentration of 150 mg·L–1. Dry mass for all plant parts and height increased as the ratio of NO–
3 increased. Leaf and bract areas were greatest with ratios of 25:75 and 50:50, respectively. Plants receiving 100%
Nutritional levels of mature vs. young leaves of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden.) cultivars were determined over a seven year period. Nutritional levels for essential nutrients tested (B, Ca++, Cu++, Fe++, K+, Mg++, Mn++, Mo-, P, and Zn++) were determined with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Kjeldahl N was determined with a flow injection analyzer. The young leaf, 90% mature, was determined to be the most accurate predictor of the nutritional status of anthuriums. These values were established for the cultivars `Kozohara', `Nitta Orange', `Kaumana', and `Ozaki'.
Mature zucchini squash plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) were grown under four NO3:NH4 ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) to determine effects on macronutrient nutrition. Plants were grown in solution culture under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were applied at first bloom. Highest uptake of Ca and Mg occurred in the 1:0 NO3:NH4 treatment while higher K uptake was found in the 3:1 NO3:NH4 treatment. Total nitrogen uptake was greatest in the 1:1 and 3:1 NO3:NH4 treatments. A 3:1 NO3:NH4 ratio applied at first bloom gave best overall uptake of N, K, Ca, and Mg.
Abstract
A commercial formulation of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin) was incorporated within the N-fertilizer band in 2 consecutive years under widely different environmental conditions to evaluate the effect of nitrapyrin on denitrification occurring with field-grown sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Nitrapyrin significantly increased soil NO− 3–N levels, total plant N, and yield; decreased rates of N2O evolved from the soil with both NH+ 4 and NO− 3 forms of N-fertilizer. Denitrification appears to be a significant factor influencing the growth of sweet corn under field conditions, and nitrapyrin effectively inhibits the denitrification process.
Abstract
Nitrate and
Abstract
Inhibition of N2 and N2O evolution from a liquid medium inoculated with soil was obtained with low levels (0.2, 2, and 20 ppm) of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine. Concurrent with the reductions in N2 and N2O evolution was increased NO3 retention in the medium. Results from this study confirm that nitrapyrin effectively inhibits denitrification in vitro at rates comparable to that applied in the field.
Abstract
N-demand periods and the form and quantity of N absorbed during the growth cycle of sweet corn (Zea Mays L.) was determined for ‘Silver Queen’ grown in solution culture with a N ratio of 50% NO3–50% NH4. Absorption of NO3 and NH4 were similar up to the tasseling stage. During the tasseling stage, NO3 was absorbed at rates greater than NH4, while during the ear development stage NH4 was absorbed at rates higher than NO3. Evaluation of N demand during the growth cycle shows that 60% of the total N absorbed occurred during the tasseling-ear development stage. These results indicate that with ‘Silver Queen’, greater efficiency of applied N fertilizer can be obtained by correlating rate of N and form of N to a specific growth stage.