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Abstract
Seeds of cabbage (Brassica oleracea (Capitata group) contain 10-fold more glucosinolates than do cabbage heads (dry basis). Seeds give rise to relatively greater amounts of goitrin and lesser amounts of SCN ion than do heads. In spite of these differences, seeds of 50 cabbage cultivars are shown to have fair predictive value for glucosinolate patterns in the corresponding heads.
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSs) were estimated in the normally eaten portions of 72 cultivars of Oriental brassica vegetables including mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), Chinese kale (B. oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Bail.), Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. Pekinensis Group Bail.), pak choy (B. rapa Chinensis Group Bail.), tendergreen (B. rapa Perviridis Group Bail.), turnip (B. rapa L. Rapifera Group Bail., B. narinosa Bail., and B. nipposinica Bail.). Variation in GS profiles was complex. There was variation in percentages of major GSs and total GS among B. juncea, B. oleracea, and the combination B. rapa plus narinosa and nipposinica and among four subspecific groups of rapa plus the two species closely related to rapa: narinosa and nipposinica. B. juncea had distinctively high proportions of allyl-GS, ranging from 81% to 94%, whereas B. oleracea had distinctively high proportions of 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GS, ranging from 9% to 68%. Differences in GS profiles among the rapa groups, narinosa and nipposinica, were less distinctive. Cultivars of pak choy from China differed in percentages of three minor GSs from cultivars from Japan and elsewhere. There was also variation among cultivars of Chinese kale and between turnip foliage and roots.
Abstract
Seventy-nine cultivars and lines of cabbage Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group) were analyzed for 11 glucosinolates to provide a data base of the levels of these potential toxicants. Aglucon hydrolytic products of glucosinolates from fresh cabbage (mean of 79 cultivars) include 24 ppm allyl isothiocyanate, 45 ppm 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate, 18 ppm SCN ion, 17 ppm 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate, and 4 ppm goitrin. Composition of the cultivars are summarized by type (red, white, savoy) and by end use (market, storage, kraut). Glucosinolates with a 3-carbon aglucon (excluding the sinolate carbon) predominate over 4-carbon glucosinolates in white and savoy types. Four-carbon glucosinolates (including goitrin precursor) predominate in red cabbages. Savoy cabbages are high in glucosinolates yielding SCN ion. Distinctions between market, storage, and kraut cultivars are less well defined. No differences could be seen between open pollinated and hybrid cultivars. Year-to-year variation for 12 cultivars is discussed.
Abstract
Fourteen cultivars of turnip [Brassica rapa, rapifera group, also B. campestris L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.] recommended for human consumption of either tops or tops and roots and five cultivars recommended for consumption of roots were selected to compare glucosinolate (GS) levels in tops and roots. Also, two cultivars used for animal feed were included. The study revealed significantly lower levels of 1-methylpropyl-GS and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl-GS in tops and roots of cultivars grown for greens, compared to those used for animal feed. Contents of 1-methylpropyl-, 3-butenyl-, and 4-pentenyl-GSs were higher in turnip tops than in roots, while 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl-, 4-(methylthio)butyl-, 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl-, 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl-, 5-(methylthio)pentyl-, 2-phenylethyl-, 3-indolylmethyl-GSs and total GS were all higher in the roots. GS patterns for seeds tended to correlate with those of the tops.