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- Author or Editor: H. D. Rabinowitch x
Abstract
A single spraying of 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (chlorflurenol) on the foliage increased the set rate of processing tomatoes under conditions of high temperature as compared with untreated control or 4-CPA-treated plants. As the rate applied increased, chlorflurenol inhibited vegetative growth, increased fruit malformation, and decreased the pH of fruit juice (0.1 unit). No differences could be detected in juice viscosity and in total soluble solids of treated and control fruits.
Abstract
Green tomato fruits were treated with 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) triethylamino hydrochloride (CPTA) and/or (2-choroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and were stored for 10 days at a temperature of 32°C. CPTA-treated fruits developed red color mostly in the exocarp, while ethephon and no n-treated fruits showed yellow coloring. The combined effect of CPTA and ethephon on red color development was stronger than that of CPTA alone. As lycopene normally does not develop at high temperature it seems likely mat CPTA acts in a pathway different from the normal.
The effect of fertigation with N-NO3 at 3, 6, or 12 mmol·liter-1, and 0, 3, or 6 dS·m-1 chloride ions on fruit quality of three pepino dulce selections was studied. Genotypes varied considerably in their response to mineral treatments in most quality characteristics. Variation in fruit size was greatly reduced when clusters were thinned to three fruit. Increasing chloride concentration in the nutrient soltuion reduced fruit size significantly and ascorbic acid concentration relative to the control, but fruit shape was not affected. Increases in NaCl salt, but not N concentration, resulted in significantly higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) and firmness in all three genotypes. Electrical conductivity, acidity, and pH were significantly affected by the two mineral treatments in the first trial, but remained unchanged in the second season. Fruit firmness, SSC, and acidity declined by 12% to 30%, whereas ascorbic acid content increased during 14 days storage at room temperature. These changes depended on genotype and environment during fruit growth and development. Organoleptic ratings were highest in salt-treated plants. Fruit quality of pepino dulce may be manipulated by crop management, thus improving its acceptability in Western markets.
Abstract
Mother bulbs of onion (Allium cepa cv. Grano) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 50, 150 and 450 ppm upon emergence of first flower stems. A single application at 50 ppm shortened by one-half the time required for emergence of 80% of floral stems and increased the uniformity in height of the flower stalks. GA3-treated plants produced larger and more productive umbels, resulting in an increase in seed yield by about 30%. There was no difference in seed viability between treatments.
Abstract
Shoot proliferation in vitro of statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) was achieved using axillary buds grown on Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium containing 2.7 mM (0.6 mg/liter) BA. Shoots were rooted on a medium consisting of half strength LS supplemented with 2.7 mM (0.5 mg/liter) NAA. A 5-fold increase was evident for each subculture. Successive subcultures did not seem to impair proliferation or rooting. No deterioration in either proliferation or rooting was evident following 2 months of low-temperature storage (2° to 4°C) in the dark. In vitro propagated plants could be transferred to the greenhouse with survival rates of more than 95%. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Abstract
The abstract for the paper, “Effect of the Fruit-ripening Mutant Genes rin and nor on the Flavor of Tomato Fruit” by E. Kopeliovitch, Y. Mizrahi, H. D. Rabinowitch, and N. Kedar [J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107(3):361–364. 1982.], contains several errors. The correct version of the abstract is as follows: Organoleptic tests of the nonripening tomato mutants rin and nor and their F1 hybrids with the normal-fruit-bearing cultivar ‘Rutgers’ indicated that fruits of the rin heterozygous plants (rin/+) were slightly inferior and that those of heterozygote nor (nor/+) were distinctly inferior in flavor to fruits of the normal genotype (+/+), all sampled 3–5 days after ethylene and CO2 evolution rates attained maximum levels. The flavor of fruits of the double heterozygotes rin/+, nor/+ was poorer than either of the 2 single-gene heterozygotes, while fruits of both homozygous plants, nor/nor and rin/rin, were unpalatable. Analyses of pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and reducing sugars did not indicate that any of these parameters are responsible for the inferior flavor of the genotypes containing the nonripening genes. Comparisons of reciprocal crosses provided no evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of fruit flavor.
Abstract
Organoleptic tests of the non-ripening tomato mutants rin and nor and their F1 hybrids with the normal-fruit-bearing cultivar ‘Rutgers’ indicated that fruits of the rin heterozygous plants (rin/+) were slightly inferior and that those of inferior in flavor to fruits of the normal genotype (+/+), all sampled 3–5 days after ethylene and CO2 evolution rates attained maximum levels. The flavor of fruits of the double heterozygote nor heterozygotes (nor/+) were distinctly rin/+, nor/+ was poorer than either of the 2 single-gene heterozygotes, while fruits of both homozygous plants, nor/nor and rin/rin, were unpalatable. Analyses of pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and reducing sugars did not indicate that any of these parameters is responsible for the inferior flavor of the genotypes containing the non-ripening genes. Comparisons of reciprocal crosses provided no evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of fruit flavor.
An understanding of temperature and photoperiod effect on garlic (A. sativum L.) growth and florogenesis might solve the enigma of garlic sterility and provide environmental tools for flowering regulation and fertility restoration. The effect of storage temperature and growth conditions on the interactive relationships between the developing vegetative and reproductive organs was studied. A long photoperiod for more than 2 weeks was required for both dormancy induction of the axillary buds and clove formation. In contrast, combination of low temperatures with short photoperiod resulted in sprouting of the axillary buds. Four phases were recognized in the florogenesis of garlic, including: transition of the apical meristem, scape elongation, inflorescence differentiation, and completion of floral development. In garlic accession #2091, meristem transition is autonomous and occurs in growing plants under a variety of storage and growth conditions. A long photoperiod triggers the initial elongation of the scape in post-transitional plants. The temperature effect was quantitative: low storage and growth temperatures combined with long photoperiod promoted scape elongation, whereas warm temperatures and long photoperiod promoted the translocation of reserves to the cloves, and the degeneration of the developing inflorescence. Differentiation of topsets followed flower formation and was dominated by and required lengthy exposure to long photoperiod. Hence, under short photoperiod with only short interruption of long photoperiod, normal development of fertile flowers occurred. We conclude that in bolting garlic genotypes, manipulation of the environment, both before and after planting, can regulate the development of flowers and regain fertility. Normal flowering cannot be achieved if any of the four developmental stages of florogenesis mentioned above is inhibited.