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Abstract
A factorial experiment, in which a young commercial cranberry planting (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Ben Lear) was treated with all possible combinations of four levels of N, three levels of P, and three levels of K, was carried out during 1966, 1967, 1968. Vine response, fruit yields, foliar pigments, and tissue mineral composition were assessed.
Vine growth was increased in 1967 by the application of P and K and 1968 by N and P. N at the highest application significantly reduced fruit yields in 1968. The higher rates of N significantly increased green pigments and decreased red pigments in the foliage. Applications of P also decreased red foliar pigments.
Tissue N and P were significantly increased with application of these elements. Foliar K was increased in 1967 by the application of N or P. The joint application of N and K also increased tissue K content. Tissue Ca was decreased by the highest rate of N application. Applied K generally reduced tissue Mg compared to the control. In all three years, foliar Mn significantly decreased with increasing levels of applied N.
Abstract
Three levels of N, P, and K in all possible combinations were applied to bearing cranberry plots (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait, cv. McFarlin) in the field. Fruit quality (color, size and soluble solids), yield, and plant tissue mineral composition were measured.
Increased tissue N, P, and K resulted from increased applications of the respective elements. These plant nutrients were also significantly correlated with one another. Applied N increased yield, yellowness, lightness, and decreased redness of the fruit. Tissue P was positively associated with fruit yields, yellowness, and lightness, but negatively with fruit redness. The effects of both N and P were modified by K applications.
Tissue mineral levels were generally greater in 1967 than in 1966, except for Mg which decreased and P which did not change.
Abstract
Regressions of berry weights on seed number in individual fruits of the blue berry have been reported only by Aalders and Hall (1) for Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. They obtained two highly significant (P = .01) linear regression coefficients.
Abstract
Honeybees are considered to be important pollinators of the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) (2). Shimanuki et al. (4) found one honeybee colony which consistently collected a larger proportion of cranberry pollen than did other colonies in the vicinity of a cranberry bog. Differences among colonies in collection of highbush blueberry pollen are reported here.
Abstract
Plants of everbearing strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. ‘Quinault’) were grown in solution culture with 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, and 1.25 ppm boron. Fruit developed abnormally on deficient plants, but there was no reduction in fruit weight. Where boron was insufficient, flower number per leaf, fruit set, or fruit enlargement limited yield but where boron was intermediate, leaf numbers limited yield. No single component limited yield at the highest level of boron.
Abstract
Leaf anatomy and shoot growth of ‘Harrolds Red Delicious’ (‘HRD’) apple trees treated with succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) were compared with those of an untreated compact mutant strain, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ (‘SD’). Leaf anatomy of the untreated ‘HRD’ and ‘SD’ were not significantly different. Alar treatments of ‘HRD’ increased thickness of spongy parenchyma, palisade parenchyma, the length but not the no. of palisade cells and total leaf thickness. The site most affected by Alar was the palisade parenchyma. Alar also suppressed shoot growth rate and the treatment effect became noticeable 1 week after treatment. The shoot growth curves were quite similar for ‘SD’ and Alar-treated ‘HRD’.
Abstract
One-year whips of 4 apple cultivars of known virus status on ‘M 9’ rootstock were grafted, rearranging the tops to give 16 combinations of scion and interstock, from which growth, leaf mineral status, and an uptake index were determined. Numerous components of scion and interstock effects and interactions were identified; there were no general effects of self-grafting or cross-grafting. Mineral uptake, mineral concn, and growth were influenced by specific combinations of scion and interstock.
Abstract
One hundred fruiting uprights were sampled for each of 3 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars, ‘Ben Lear’, ‘Bergman’, and ‘McFarlin’. Length of the upright, flowers per upright, berries per upright, seeds per berry, and weight of the berries were recorded. Two-dimensional partitioning using analysis of variance and multiple regression were combined for yield component analysis on a per-upright basis. In decreasing order, fruit set, berry enlargement, and number of flowers per centimeter of the upright were the most important components. Linear trends accounted for most of the differences due to position with lower positions having more flowers, fruit set, seeds per berry, and larger fruit than upper positions on the upright. More berries were set in ‘Ben Lear’ than in ‘McFarlin’ and ‘Bergman’.
Abstract
In a factorial experiment each of 4 red raspberry cultivars was treated with each of 4 viruses. Embryo sacs were examined in treated and control flowers collected at anthesis and 4 days later. A numerical index was devised to quantify stages of embryo sac development, and thus facilitate statistical analysis. Effects on embryo sac development of cultivar differences, viruses, and year difference were observed. The virus effects on embryo sac development as such were not considered severe enough to account for failure of fruit-set or yield reduction. Embryo sacs of the ‘Sumner’ cultivar were retarded in development compared to the other cultivars.
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was carried out to observe the effects of NO3 and urea N sources at several rates on ‘McFarlin’ cranberry vines. Nitrogen applied as NO3 enhanced vegetative growth, and treatments which increased vegetative growth also increased foliar N, P and Mg, but decreased foliar K and Ca. Growth measurements obtained 2 weeks after differential N applications correlated with tissue Mg or Mg and Mn, while 14 weeks later growth measurements were correlated with leaf N, P and K content.