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- Author or Editor: G. D. Blanpied x
Abstract
A method is described for extraction of ethylene from fresh plant tissue which requires less than 1 hr to complete from sampling to analysis.
Abstract
Shortly after the turn of the century, mechanical refrigeration was incorporated into the fresh produce marketing chain in industrialized countries to reduce losses that occurred when fresh fruits and vegetables glutted the market at harvest time. Forty years later, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was put into commercial practice to lengthen further the marketing period for the expanding apple crops in Western Europe and North America. Later, CA technology was applied to other fruit and vegetable crops. Today, many producers of fresh produce again are faced with the problems associated with large crops. They turned to postharvest horticulturists for the technology needed to lengthen the marketing periods so that their products can be sold at a profit. Much research has been, and will continue to be, conducted to improve the condition of commodities held in CA storage for prolonged periods of time.
Abstract
Orchard-grown trees of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) were exposed to shortened daylengths for 30 days after bloom or for 70 days preceding the normal fruit ripening period. Ethylene concentrations in attached apples and ethylene production rates of harvested apples indicated that the ripening of ‘Delicious’ apples is not daylength dependent.
Abstract
In 3 harvest seasons 363 lots of ‘Delicious’ apples were harvested and analyzed after a 1-day and after an 8-day ripening period at room temp. An attempt was made to relate objective indices of maturity to the ability of fruits to ripen with acceptable eating quality. A sliding scale for firmness and soluble solids appeared to be a useful index to separate ‘Delicious’ apples into 2 categories: mature - fruits which ripened with acceptable eating quality; immature - fruits which did not develop acceptable eating quality.
Abstract
Two studies were carried out to determine if the relatively constant length of seasons (LOS) for ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) was controlled by the number of light-dark cycles (days). Potted, bearing trees received 19-hour light-dark (19 L-D) cycles and 24-hour light-dark (24 L-D) cycles in growth chambers during July and August. At the end of treatment period, 19 L-D trees received 15 more light-dark cycles than 24 L-D trees. In the second study, orchard trees were illuminated with 2200–4400 lux for 75 min beginning at midnight during July and August. Measurements of skin chlorophyll, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, and ethylene evolution of harvested fruits as well as internal C2H4 concentrations in attached fruit indicated that maturation and ripening of ‘Delicious’ apples were not affected by these treatments.
Abstract
Storage studies with NY grown ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) indicated that core breakdown in fruits ripened after storage was influenced by crop load on the tree, harvest date, storage temperature, the use of CA, and folded polyethylene box liners, as well as the length of the storage period, and post storage ripening temperature. Core breakdown was controlled by storage in air at −1.1 °C (30°F).
Abstract
Incidences of pithy brown core (PBC) of ‘Bose’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) held in controlled atmosphere storage were increased by delayed harvest, prolonged storage, high CO2, and by low O2 levels. At 2-3% O2, PBC was prevalent even when CO2 was maintained at 0.2% and below. PBC was not related to levels of CO2 in the flesh because pears tolerated high CO2 at high O2 concentrations.
Abstract
Increased water loss during storage in air at 0-l°C was associated with reductions of senescent and low temperature breakdown of ‘Mcintosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in 3 storage seasons. Postharvest CaCl2 dip-treatments reduced storage breakdown when water loss was minimal.
Abstract
Maturity and ripening were observed in ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.) grown in 4 orchards at 51° to 54° north latitude in England. In 3 orchards located between 51° and 52°, the period of initiation of accelerated ethylene production (AEP) by individual apples occurred from about 145 through 175 days after bloom. The period from bloom to harvest was 164-165 days, at least 2 weeks longer than the comparable period at latitudes closer to the equator. At 54° latitude, the initiation of AEP did not start until 170 days after bloom; apples did not reach harvest maturity in that orchard.
Abstract
Field observations in 8 growing seasons indicated that maturity dates for ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) could be reliably predicted 1 week in advance, by using the average firmness-total soluble solids value for a geographic region. When the average firmness-total soluble solids values were close to the maturity index line, apples matured within 1 week.