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- Author or Editor: Douglas J. Phillips x
Abstract
The Aspergillus flavus group was associated with both sound and insect damaged kernels of almond Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb during 1972 and 1973. About 1 of 2,000 sound kernels and 1 of 200 insect damaged kernels were colonized. Surface contamination was common on sound and damaged kernels. In orchard plots, spores inoculated on the fruit colonized hulls, shells, and kernels of maturing almonds. Aflatoxins were detected in harvested kernels and hulls. Almond fruits were susceptible to colonization from the time of hull-split, when rapid drying of the fruit began, until after harvest when moisture of the kernel dropped below about 5% based on the fresh weight of the kernel. Infestations by the navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella (Walker), increased colonization of the kernels by A. flavus from experimental plots.
Abstract
Early-season ‘Perlette’, ‘Cardinal’, ‘Flame Seedless’, and ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) were fumigated at 21°C with methyl bromide (MB) at 32 g m−3 for 3.5 hours, SO2 (0.5% for 0.5 hours), or the 2 fumigants in sequence. Quality evaluations were made following holding at 2.5° for 6 days and again after an additional 2 days at 21°. SO2 fumigation reduced the percentage of rotten berries and the combination of SO2 and MB reduced the amount of bunch rot (Rhizopus rot). SO2 slightly bleached the color of the dark-pigmented grapes. Bromine residues in MB-fumigated and untreated grapes averaged 10.8 and 1.4 ppm, respectively.