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- Author or Editor: Daniel R. Cooley x
Abstract
‘Cortland’/Mailing (M) 7 apple trees (Malus domestica Bork.) which were treated at planting time with commercial root promoters, containing either naphthaleneacetamide (NAAm) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) + fertilizer, or the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius, increased terminal growth. P. tinctorius was superior to either rooting compound for increasing total growth, and only P. tinctorius increased root weight. Colonization of the root system by P. tinctorius was not observed, although the roots of P. tinctorius-treated trees appeared to have more endomycorrhizae. The growth increase was not due to increased nutrient uptake.
Oxytetracycline microinjection was assessed in four Massachusetts peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchards where many trees were infected with X-disease. The injections significantly alleviated symptoms in all but the most severely diseased trees in the first year following treatment. This improvement was observed, to a lesser degree, the second season after treatment. Injection wounds did not callus and some damage to wood was observed around them, but after 2 years, there was no indication that injection wounds resulted in significant tree damage. Microinjection capsules offer an effective and more efficient injection treatment than existing methods.
Increasing the N application rate (in the form NH4NO3 to newly planted `Marshall McIntosh'/M.9 apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) trees beyond 76 g N per tree per year reduced growth in the first two growing seasons. Peat moss or composted manure mixed into the planting hole of `Royal Gala'/M.26 increased growth in the first growing season after planting. The soil-active fungicides, fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl, increased trunk and shoot growth of `Royal Gala'/M.26 in the first season after planting. Mulching enhanced growth of `Gala'/M.26 only in the third season after planting, a season during which the region experienced a drought. Mulching significantly increased bloom on `Gala'/M.26 2 years after planting. The growth of `Royal Gala'/M.26, `Marshall McIntosh'/M.26, and `Ace Delicious'/M.26 was not affected by planting technique planting by hand in 61-cm augered holes vs. planting with a mechanical tree planter. Chemical names used N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-(methloxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl); aluminum tris (O-ethyl phosphonate) (fosetyl-Al); 1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium ion (paraquat); isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate).
Abstract
A microcomputer-based bulletin board using the FIDO software package was established at the Univ. of Massachusetts for the distribution of information in the cooperative extension programs of home horticulture, fruits, vegetables, cranberries, and integrated pest management. System establishment costs were under $3000, and costs for the first year were about $200 for the maintenance of a telephone line. The system logged 4595 calls from university personnel, county extension staff, state agencies, and farmers during the first year of operation (July 1986 to June 1987). A total of 307 individual information files were uploaded to the system by both university and county extension staff, while 387 downloads occurred from the system.