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- Author or Editor: Creighton L. Gupton x
Anthocyanin-deficient dewberries in Mississippi were evaluated for possible use as a source of marker genes for blackberries. Ratios of normal to anthocyanin-deficient plants from test crosses suggested single-locus control of stem color, with anthocyanin deficiency a recessive trait. Its simple inheritance and easy identification in seedlings provide potential for anthocyanin deficiency (t) to be used as a marker gene in blackberry genetic studies.
Crosses between `Humble' and five other blackberry cultivars were made to determine the efficacy of `Humble' as a source of resistance to rosette (incited by Cercosporella rubi). Seven cultivars and three selections were planted at a disease free location and at a location where rosette is known to occur to determine the effect of double blossom on yield, berry weight, and ripening date. `Cheyenne' X `Humble,' `Humble' X `Brazos,' and `Navaho' X (`Humble' X `Brazos') produced progenies with various levels of resistance. Promising selections were made from the latter two crosses. Genotype X location interaction was significant for yield and not significant for either Julian date of 50% ripe fruit or weight per berry. These results suggest that rosette reduces yield but has little if any effect on weight per berry or ripening date. `Shawnee' and `Choctaw' were the highest yielding cultivars under disease free conditions; however, their yields were low in the test where they were infected with rosette. `Brazos,' `Choctaw,' and `Rosborough' were the earliest ripening and `Navaho' was the latest ripening cultivar.
An experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications of two cultivars × six pH levels × four Zn levels was conducted to determine if Zn caused leaf chlorosis in rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade cv. Climax) and southern highbush (mostly V. corymbosum L. cv. Bladen) blueberry. `Bladen' accumulated more foliar Mn and Zn than `Climax', but Fe concentration was similar in the two cultivars. Leaf chlorosis ratings were similar for the two cultivars. Solution pH had no significant effect on Mn, Zn, or Fe leaf concentration or degree of chlorosis. Zinc level in the nutrient solution affected leaf concentration of Mn and Zn but not of Fe. A significant linear increase in chlorosis resulted from increasing Zn solution concentration from 30 to 120 mg·L–1. We conclude that high levels of Zn may induce leaf chlorosis in rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberry.
A study of leaf chlorosis in rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) grown in soil containing 300 to 400 ppm diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extracted Mn revealed no relationship between leaf Mn content and chlorosis. A second study was conducted to estimate heritability of the content of Mn, Fe, and certain other mineral elements that have been associated with leaf chlorosis and to determine the genetic relationships among shoot dry weight, visual rating, and the mineral elements in rabbiteye blueberry. Heritability estimates were high for all variables except Fe, suggesting that changes in Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, or K contents could be expected from phenotypic recurrent selection. However, manipulation of mineral content probably would not ameliorate the Fe chlorosis. The high heritability of shoot dry weight and visual rating and the high genetic correlation between these variables suggest that plants resistant to mineral effects on Fe metabolism can be selected on the basis of visual rating.
A study was conducted to estimate heritability of the content of Mn, Fe, and certain other mineral elements which have been associated with leaf chlorosis and to determine the genetic relationships among shoot dry weight, visual rating, and the mineral elements in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Plants from a 10-parent dialled set of crosses were grown in sand culture to which 200 ml of 250 ppm Mn solution were applied five days per week. Visual ratings (1 – dead plant - 13 – no toxicity symptom) were made after six weeks and shoot weight and mineral element contents were determined after 10 weeks of treatment. Heritability estimates were high for all variables except Fe, suggesting that change in Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, or K content could be expected from phenotypic recurrent selection. However, manipulation of mineral content probably would not ameliorate the Fe chlorosis. The high heritability of shoot dry weight and visual rating and the high genetic correlation between the two variables suggest that plants resistant to mineral effects on Fe metabolism can be selected on the basis of visual rating.
A study was conducted to determine if blackberry cultivars Humble, Rosborough, and Brazos transmit rosette (incited by Cercosporella rubi) resistance and to estimate heritability (h2). Plants of parents and offspring involving these cultivars were rated for rosette severity on a whole plant basis from 0 = no rosette to 7 = all buds infected or plant dead. An estimate of h2 was computed by regression of cross means on parental means. The mean rosette severity rating of plants from crosses was always intermediate between the cultivar and other parents. Only `Humble' transmitted enough rosette tolerance to be usable although `Rosborough' crosses were more tolerant than the other parents. The h2 estimate of 0.48 was fairly high but low variability among parents other than `Humble' would suggest little progress from mass selection.
To determine the effects of pollen source on blueberry production, we made a partial diallel set of crosses involving seven rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and seven southern highbush (SH; V. corymbosum L.) parents. Pollination of rabbiteye blueberry flowers with SH pollen reduced fruit set, seeds per berry, and berry weight and increased fruit development period (FDP) compared to pollination with rabbiteye pollen. Pollination of SH flowers with rabbiteye pollen resulted in about the same fruit set and FDP but fewer seeds per berry and slightly lower berry weight compared to intraspecific pollination. Self-pollination significantly decreased the number of seeds per berry and berry weight and increased FDP in SH. Pollination of rabbiteye and SH flowers with mixed pollen produced the same results as intraspecific pollination. Using `Tifblue' and `Baldwin' (rabbiteye) as the pollen parent significantly increased FDP in rabbiteye blueberry. Using `Georgiagem' and `Cape Fear' as pollen parents produced the longest FDP, and using `O'Neal' and `Gulfcoast' produced the shortest FDP in SH blueberry. The heaviest berries were produced by using `Blue Ridge', `O'Neal', and `Gulfcoast' (SH) as pollen parents on SH females. These results suggest that xenia possibly could be used to increase yield and reduce FDP in blueberry.
Eight cultivars, including five recent releases, five selections from the Florida AES, and 16 selections from the Georgia AES were planted in the muscadine germplasm working collection at McNeil, Miss., in 1992. All cultivars and one replication of the selections were evaluated in 1997. None of the new cultivars yielded as much as `Fry', the standard fresh fruit cultivar. The percent dry picking scar of `Dixie' and `Fry' was low. `Tara', `Polyanna', and `Fry' produced the largest berries. Percent soluble solids was lowest in `Fry', `Nesbitt', and `Alachua' but highest in `Dixie' berries. `Fry', `Alachua', and `Polyanna' had the lowest and the other cultivars did not differ in number of seed per berry. One selection, 33-1-4, appeared to have the qualities of a potential cultivar. Incidence and severity of berry rots were generally low.
Experiments were conducted to estimate the relative importance of additive and dominance genetic variances and non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Progeny of 40 parents crossed in a Comstock and Robinson Design II Mating scheme were inoculated with three isolates of C. fragariae and one isolate of C. acutatum. Disease development on each plant was rated visually. Variance components were estimated and converted to genetic variances. Estimates of were six to 10 times higher than those for Within-family variance not accounted for by equaled 35% and 38% of the total genetic variance in females and males, respectively, indicating probable epistatic effects. The frequency distribution of disease severity ratings was bimodal in both experiments, suggesting major gene action. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were 0.37 and 0.26, and broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.87 and 0.85 for females and males, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability estimates are probably sufficient to produce gains from recurrent selection. Gains from selection of clonal value should be possible because of the high broad sense heritability estimates. It appears feasible to establish a broad genetic-based population resistant to Colletotrichum spp. from which selections could be evaluated per se and/or recombined to produce improved populations.