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- Author or Editor: Charles W. Dunham x
Abstract
Soluble leaf carbohydrates, macronutrient elements and growth responses to 3 levels of light were studied on field grown plants of Ilex opaca Ait. cv. Miss Helen. Soluble D-fructose, α-D-glucose, B-D-glucose and sucrose reached a maximum concentration expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of leaf tissue during the winter sampling periods, followed by a decline as bud-expansion approached. The maximum concentration of soluble D-galactose was found in newly matured leaf tissue. Soluble D-fructose, α-D-glucose, B-D-glucose and sucrose levels were not effected by the shade environments. The level of D-galactose increased under the shaded environment as compared to full sun plants.
P and K levels in the leaf tissue were at high concentrations in newly matured leaf tissues, while Ca and Mg were at low levels. Both K and Mg levels were observed to be higher in leaf tissue from plants grown under the 92% shade conditions compared to full sun plants.
Stem diameter was significantly reduced under the 92% shade conditions, while leaf size of plants grown under both 50% and 92% shade was significantly increased. Flower production was significantly reduced in plants grown under the 92% shade conditions.
Abstract
N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) and α, α, α,- trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) caused no injury to transplanted petunias (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) or marigolds (Tagetes patula L.) when incorporated in a mulch. Satisfactory broadleaf and grass weed control as denoted by indicator crops was achieved with both of these herbicides. Dichlobenil, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, caused severe injury to both petunia and marigold transplants when applied in the herbicide-mulch combination. Control of broadleaf and grass indicator weeds with dichlobenil was excellent at all rates. Dimethyl tetrachloro terephthalate (DCPA) resulted in no visible injury to the marigold or petunia transplants when used in the herbicide-mulch combination, but control of grass and broadleaf indicator weeds was poor. When diphenamid and dichlobenil at the same rates were incorporated on peat moss, licorice root, pine bark or sugar cane mulches, no differences were observed among the mulches in regard to their ability to control weed growth.
On established nursery stock, 2-chloro-4, 6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) plus DCPA, simazine plus diphenamid, and 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (diuron), applied directly to the soil surface performed better than the herbicide-mulch combination at the lower rates. At higher rates, both the direct spray on the soil surface and the herbicide-mulch combination performed satisfactorily.