Search Results
Abstract
Eight seed blends of gynoecious with monoecious cultivais of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) ranging from 87.5 to 0% gynoecious seed were evaluated in spring and fall multiple harvest trials. Yield advantages were associated with blends having a high proportion of gynoecious seed during the early part of the harvest season but advantages were less pronounced as the season progressed.
Abstract
Fruit of cucumbei plants (Cucumis sativus L.) of a gynoecious and 2 monoecious cultivars treated at the 2-3 leaf stage with 0 or 240 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) were harvested at 3 weekly intervals, and processed as either fresh-pack pickles or brine stock. Experienced judges detected differences in shape and degree of seed development attributable to ethephon treatment. There were no significant differences in texture, flavor, external or internal color, firmness or internal defects. Differences caused by ethephon treatment were less apparent in fruit of the gynoecious than monoecious cultivars.
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in the spring and fall of 1967 and the spring of 1968 to determine harvest indices and to evaluate the rate of fruit development and changing grade sizes for both white- and black-spined cucumbers. White-spined ‘Southern Cross’ and black-spined ‘Piccadilly’ were used. Per-acre plant populations in the order of 100,000 in the spring and 70,000 in the fall were established using gynoecious cultivars. The first plots were harvested when only a few marketable fruits were present; subsequent plots were harvested at 2- or 3-day intervals for a total of 8 per experiment. The single deviation from this was the 7-day interval between the seventh and eighth harvests of the fall experiment.
Maximum returns per acre occurred when the proportion of fruit greater than 2 inches in diameter ranged from 14 to 31% of the total weight. It is suggested that plantings should be harvested as soon as fruits larger in diameter than 2 inches are found in the field.
In spring plantings the percentage of plants bearing fruit reached 91 whereas those in the fall trial reached 98. The average number of fruit per plant did not exceed 1.27 in any trial.
Abstract
At a fertilizer rate of 80-42-80 lb of N-P-K per acre, dry matter production by pickling cucumbers through the normal fruiting period totaled 2,800 lb/A, and marketable yields (about 33% of the total dry matter) were in the order of 100,000 fruit/A (10 tons fresh weight). Total N, P, and Κ uptake was 90, 12, and 145 lb/A, respectively, and nutrient removal in the harvested fruit was estimated at 40 lb N, 6 lb P, and 55 lb Κ per acre. The maximum rate of growth and nutrient accumulation occurred about 50 days after seeding.
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) blister is primarily a superficial disease that develops in stored roots. The cultivar ‘Nugget’ is particularly susceptible and was used to investigate the role of mineral nutrition of the growing plant on the development of the disease. Results from greenhouse and field experiments demonstrated that the disease developed in roots that received excesses of N, K, and Mg during growth and the disease was prevented by including B in the fertilizer program.
Abstract
Cucumbers from plants of a gynoecious cultivar treated with 0, 240, or 480 ppm 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)were made into fresh-pack pickles and brine stock and evaluated by experienced judges. Fruit from Ethrel-treated plants were shorter than those from untreated plants. Otherwise there were no significant differences in appearance, flavor, texture, firmness, bloater formation, or acceptability of the processed product.
Abstract
Simulation models for harvesting pickling cucumbers were developed for both once-over and multiple harvesting. The models predict the optimum harvest date, yield, and size distribution of cucumbers harvested. Average time required for a fruit to advance from one grade to the next and the probability of a fruit arrival on a plant during a given day were found to be critical. The multiple harvesting model shows promise of being a valuable tool in scheduling operations of the cucumber production system.
Cultigens frequently are tested for eventual monoculture production conditions in trials with different cultigens in adjacent rows. We determined the effect of using different cultigens of pickling and fresh-market cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in bordered (three-row) and unordered (l-row) plots. Cultigens contrasted in characteristics important in competitive effects: plant architecture (tall vs. dwarf), anthracnose resistance (susceptible vs. resistant), and sex expression (monoecious vs. gynoecious). In all four test years, there was no significant interaction of border with center row in unordered vs. bordered plots, with three exceptions: there was a significant reduction in yield of M 21 in 1982 when bordered by `Calypso' (a large-vined genotype), and a reduction in yield of `Southern Belle' in 1984 when bordered by `Calypso' or SMR 58. In most cases, there was an increase in yield if the border genotype had short vines. We concluded that. in most cases, trials can be run using unordered plots without significant effect or yield.
Abstract
Twenty-one cultivars of vegetables were treated in the greenhouse with Ethrel (2-chloroethanephosphonic acid) at concentrations of 240, 480 or 960 ppm. The stages of growth at treatment varied from 1 to 4 true leaves for the various cultivars.
The earliest observable response was stunting. With some cultivars, the stunting was permannent; but with others it appeared to be temporary. The degree and duration of stunting varied with cultivar and ethrel concentration.
Ethrel caused a strong tendency toward pistillate flowers on most of the monoecious cucurbits tested and in some cases almost complete absence of staminate flowers. The chemical greatly reduced the number of staminate flowers but had no observable effect on the number of perfect flowers of the muskmelon. The chemical also altered fruit shape of ‘Butternut’ squash.
Abstract
Three versions of the hybrid ‘Meridian 76’ (‘Marketmore 76’ × ‘Tablegreen 72’) differing in sex expression were used to evaluate the effect of gynoecious expression on fruit yield and earliness. The versions tested were gynoecious × gynoecious (G×G), gynoecious × monoecious (G×M), and monoecious × monoecious (M×M). In 2 years of testing, the gynoecious (G×G and G×M) hybrids had 99% to 100% pistillate flowers on the first 10 nodes of the main stem of the plant, whereas the monoecious (M×M) hybrid had 3% to 5% pistillate flowers. The monoecious hybrid had a higher percentage of U.S. Fancy and No. 1 fruits and a lower percentage of culls than the gynoecious hybrids. There were few significant differences in yield among the 3 hybrids. The gynoecious hybrids were earlier than the monoecious hybrid, but there were no important differences in the yield of marketable fruit after the first harvest in either year. The G×M hybrid had a significantly higher yield than the M×M hybrid in the first harvest for both years. The G×M hybrid tended to outyield the G×G hybrid as well, but the differences were not always significant. The gynoecious hybrids (especially the G×M hybrid) of ‘Meridian 76’ provided an advantage in early yield but not in yield summed over all harvests (6 to 8 depending on year), compared to the monoecious hybrid.