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- Author or Editor: C. E. Peterson x
Abstract
One cannot review the history of vegetable breeding without being impressed by the extent to which some of our crops are dependent on a relatively few characteristics originally derived from introduced material. Several important vegetable crops would not exist as they do today without the introduction of disease resistance and horticultural characteristics from distant parts of the world.
Abstract
Silver nitrate and gibberellin A4/A7 (GA4/7) were compared for induction of staminate flower production on an inbred gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) line grown in the field at Madison, Wisconsin. Foliar sprays of silver nitrate at 100, 200, and 400 ppm induced significantly more staminate flowers per plant than did GA4/7 at the standard, widely-used rate of 50 ppm, making gynoecious x gynoecious hybrid seed production commercially feasible. The strong induction all plants treated with silver nitrate should minimize the genetic shift toward maleness observed from one generation to the next when GA is used to increase seed of gynoecious parental lines.
Abstract
Quercetin-4’-glucoside, quercetin-4’,7-diglucoside, and quercetin-3,4’-diglucoside were identified by paper chromatography as the major flavonols in the fleshy scales of yellow onion bulbs. Absorbance readings at 357 nm on crude alcoholic extracts were highly correlated (r=.96) to spectrophotometric measurements of quercetin at 373 nm following acid hydrolysis. This relationship was used to estimate total flavonol concentration in terms of quercetin from crude extracts. Concentrations on a fresh weight basis ranged from 276 ppm for the inbred MSU 826 to 1,285 ppm for MSU 4535. The pigments were found to be most concentrated in the upper and outer portions of the bulb. Approximately 90% of the total pigment was found to be confined to epidermal tissue.
Abstract
A strong linkage (~ 1 crossover unit) was detected between the gene Bw for resistance to bacterial wilt incited by Erwinia tracheiphila (E. F. Smith) Holland and the gene M for pistillate vs. perfect flowers in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).
Abstract
A consistent preference by the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus, for the roots of certain inbred carrot lines and hybrids observed in field plantings suggested the possibility of using these animals to evaluate carrot breeding material for nutritive value and culinary quality. In a preliminary field test, 50 carrot lines representing the full range of feeding damage were planted in a confined feeding experiment. Lines showing no damage and severe damage were selected for controlled feeding trials and further evaluation.
In laboratory ad libitum feeding tests, all carrot diets were inferior to control diets. There was no relationship between vole preference and the nutritive value of the carrots as measured by the growth response of weanling voles. However, vole preference showed a significant positive correlation with the sucrose content of the roots while a significant negative correlation was found between preference and total reducing sugars. Neither growth response nor vole preference was correlated with crude fiber, protein, or total carbohydrates. No correlation was found between taste panel scores for overall rating of carrot samples and ad lib. feeding indexes by the voles.
Abstract
Four sets of nearly isogenic bacterial wilt [Erwinia tracheiphila (E.F. Smith)] Holland resistant and susceptible gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines, along with their companion segregating generations were evaluated under replicated field conditions for flowering date, fruit quality, fruit number, and length : diameter ratio (L:D). In addition to flowering earlier, susceptible lines were higher-yielding and had longer fruits than their resistant counterparts. Although differences in fruit quality were not significant, susceptible lines were preferred by a panel of seven judges. Compared to susceptible lines, hybrid progeny were later-flowering and in some instances lower-yielding.
Abstract
The inability to achieve adequate pollination of seed parents has slowed the development of hybrid carrots (Daucus carota L.) and dampened industry acceptance. Thus, cytoplasmically male-sterile inbreds and F1 seed parents were compared with their fertile counterparts for synchrony of floral events and character of pollinator foraging stimuli. Usually, but not always, male-sterile plants were visually different, bloomed later, and exhibited delayed nectar and aroma production compared to male-fertiles. The quality and quantity of nectar and aroma were also different, with male-sterile flowers often inferior to fertile flowers in amounts of nectar produced. Successful use of any cross-pollinated entomophilous hybrid crop system should involve selection for similar floral characteristics early in the breeding program to insure maximum transfer by insects of pollen from male-fertile to male-sterile parents.
Abstract
Silver nitrate at 100, 200 and 400 ppm and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) at 50, 100 and 200 ppm induced perfect flowers on gynoecious muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. MSU-1G) in the greenhouse. Some phytotoxicity was observed in plants treated with AgNO3 and AVG at the higher concentrations.
Abstract
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) at 50,100, and 200 ppm induced staminate flowers on 3 gynoecious cucumber lines in the greenhouse. Both the time of application and the type of water used to prepare the AVG solutions had a significant effect on the node at which conversion from pistillate to staminate first occurred and on the total number of nodes bearing staminate flowers. Plants treated with 100 and 200 ppm AVG were chlorotic for about 10 days after application.