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  • Author or Editor: C. A. Jaworski x
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Abstract

Cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) responded differently when (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was applied at 300 ppm in the transplant stage. The amount of stem root proliferation and the length of these roots were the largest on ‘Ohio 7663’ transplants. ‘Heinz 2653’, ‘Libby 2981’, ‘Heinz 414’, ‘Knox’ and ‘Campbell 28’ showed major stem root proliferation from ethephon, whereas ‘Peto 80’, ‘Campbell 37’, ‘Hunt 62’, and ‘Hunt 208 F’ had a very small amount of stem root proliferation. The average stem diameter for the 18 cultivars treated with ethephon increased from 0.50 to 0.63 cm in 21 days.

Open Access

Abstract

Ethephon at 300 μg/liter when applied at the transplant stage (5 to 7 leaves) abscised and/or aborted flowers of 20 tomato cultivars studied. However, differential cultivar response was observed when adventitious root proliferation and regeneration were studied. ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Campbell 28’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Heinz 1706’ showed extensive stem root growth, whereas ‘Heinz 727’, ‘Peto 80’ and ‘Libby 8990-A’ had small amounts of stem roots. Ethephon treatment increased stem-root regeneration from 17.9 to 40.2 roots/plant, root length from 5.2 cm to 9.4 cm and length of the stem with roots from 7.7 to 11.0 cm; whereas, ethephon reduced flowers/plant from 1.3 to 0.6 and fruit/plant from 0.5 to 0.0.

Open Access

Abstract

(2-ChloroethyI)phosphonic acid (ethephon) spray on tomato transplants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) 12 days prior to pulling resulted in partial protection of the plants from frost injury after transplanting. Cultivars of tomato responded differently both to the degree of frost damage even if not treated with ethephon and to the level of protection by ethephon. ‘Heinz 1630’ was most tolerant to frost while ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Hunts 304’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Chico III’ were most susceptible. The transplants with thicker stems (>4.5 mm) generally had a better survival rate than thin-stemmed (<4.5 mm) transplants.

Open Access

Abstract

Combination treatments containing an organic phosphate or carbamate nematicide, a herbicide, and a fungicide on a common granule controlled root-knot nematodes and weeds and increased tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant growth. Bay 68138 4 + diphenamid, ethoprop + diphenamid, Bay 68138 + pebulate + Dexon, fensulfothion + isopropalin + Dexon, Bay 68138 + isopropalin + Dexon, and ethoprop + isopropalin + Dexon completely controlled root-knot nematodes. Isopropalin and pebulate controlled FL pusley and crabgrass as effectively as diphenamid, the standard herbicide. Ethoprop + pebulate, fensulfothion + pebulate + Terrazole, ethoprop + pebulate + Dexon, and Bay 68138 + pebulate + Dexon were phytotoxic to tomato seedlings early in the growing season. Formulations containing a nematicide + herbicide + fungicide can be spread on the soil surface just before planting and incorporated with a power-driven rototiller to reduce unit production costs of tomato transplants. Production of uniform transplants free of nematodes and relatively free of weeds can facilitate mechanical harvesting.

Open Access

Abstract

Nuclear male-sterile mutants may occur regularly in self-pollinated crops (Frankel and Galum, 1977). Male sterility has been reported in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) (Chauhan, 1984; Jasmin, 1954; Nuttall, 1963). Heterosis in eggplant was discussed by Sambandum (1962). Most intercultivar crosses of eggplant express hybrid vigor and improved characteristics of economic importance, particularly yield (Sambandum, 1962). UGA 1-MS is released as a germplasm source for male sterility, a trait that should facilitate the development of commercial hybrids (Driscoll, 1985).

Open Access

Abstract

The herbicide metribuzin is registered for use on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). It is applied either preplant incorporated or postemergence. However, severe injury occurs when postemergence applications are made during low light conditions (1,2, 4, 5, 6). UGA 1113MT and UGA 1160MT are being released as sources of tolerance to metribuzin; both lines have exhibited excellent tolerance (no injury) to metribuzin applications (up to 16-times the recommended rate of 1.12 kg/ha) made during cloudy weather. Chemical name used: 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4-H)-one (metribuzin).

Open Access

Abstract

Coated seed of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were precision seeded at 4 rates and 3 patterns to determine the effects on size variation of field-grown transplants. No significant differences in the number of marketable or cull transplants were obtained with the 3 planting patterns. Seeding rates greater than 63 seeds/m usually increased the number of cull transplants with no significant increase in the number of marketable transplants. About 20% more marketable transplants were produced in the 2 inside rows than in the 2 outside rows on 4 row beds.

Open Access