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- Author or Editor: C. A. Jaworski x
Abstract
‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Hungarian Yellow Wax Hot’ peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.), which were clipped 6 and 12 days before transplant harvest in southern U. S. fields, yielded as well as non-clipped plants. In general, pepper plants clipped 12 days prior to transplant harvest produced the best results and frequently gave significantly higher yields than the non-clipped plants. The clipping technique can be used to regulate transplant size, and transplant harvest schedules without adversely affecting fruit yield, provided the transplants are free of infectious diseases.
Abstract
Coated seed of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were precision seeded at 4 rates and 3 patterns to determine the effects on size variation of field-grown transplants. No significant differences in the number of marketable or cull transplants were obtained with the 3 planting patterns. Seeding rates greater than 63 seeds/m usually increased the number of cull transplants with no significant increase in the number of marketable transplants. About 20% more marketable transplants were produced in the 2 inside rows than in the 2 outside rows on 4 row beds.
Abstract
Cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) responded differently when (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was applied at 300 ppm in the transplant stage. The amount of stem root proliferation and the length of these roots were the largest on ‘Ohio 7663’ transplants. ‘Heinz 2653’, ‘Libby 2981’, ‘Heinz 414’, ‘Knox’ and ‘Campbell 28’ showed major stem root proliferation from ethephon, whereas ‘Peto 80’, ‘Campbell 37’, ‘Hunt 62’, and ‘Hunt 208 F’ had a very small amount of stem root proliferation. The average stem diameter for the 18 cultivars treated with ethephon increased from 0.50 to 0.63 cm in 21 days.
Abstract
(2-ChloroethyI)phosphonic acid (ethephon) spray on tomato transplants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) 12 days prior to pulling resulted in partial protection of the plants from frost injury after transplanting. Cultivars of tomato responded differently both to the degree of frost damage even if not treated with ethephon and to the level of protection by ethephon. ‘Heinz 1630’ was most tolerant to frost while ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Hunts 304’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Chico III’ were most susceptible. The transplants with thicker stems (>4.5 mm) generally had a better survival rate than thin-stemmed (<4.5 mm) transplants.
Abstract
Ethephon at 300 μg/liter when applied at the transplant stage (5 to 7 leaves) abscised and/or aborted flowers of 20 tomato cultivars studied. However, differential cultivar response was observed when adventitious root proliferation and regeneration were studied. ‘Ohio 7663’, ‘Campbell 28’, ‘Libby 7241’, and ‘Heinz 1706’ showed extensive stem root growth, whereas ‘Heinz 727’, ‘Peto 80’ and ‘Libby 8990-A’ had small amounts of stem roots. Ethephon treatment increased stem-root regeneration from 17.9 to 40.2 roots/plant, root length from 5.2 cm to 9.4 cm and length of the stem with roots from 7.7 to 11.0 cm; whereas, ethephon reduced flowers/plant from 1.3 to 0.6 and fruit/plant from 0.5 to 0.0.
Abstract
Pepper transplants (Capsicum annuum L.) held under simulated transit conditions synthesized substantial amounts of ethylene, the rate of which was temperature dependent. Transplants treated with known concentrations of ethylene (0, 0.1 to 10.0 μ1/liter) were substantially defoliated at levels lower than those that may be produced in transit by the plants themselves. Exposure to ethylene concentrations of 0.5 jul/liter and greater impeded the growth of transplants after planting into the field. Removal of ethylene in storage with potassium permanganate greatly reduced abscission. Elevated storage CO2 levels stimulated ethylene synthesis by as much as 34%.
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) and summer squash (Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo (L.) Alef.) were grown in immediate succession in undisturbed beds using trickle irrigation with various treatments. Highest combined yield in metric tons/ha for both crops was obtained with film mulch + soil fumigation (117.6) followed by film mulch (112.3), soil fumigation (93.4) and control (69.0), respectively. Yield from the second crop was negatively correlated (r=−.87) with the degree of plant infection with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood). Intensive production in this manner allows fixed costs to be defrayed over two crops thus increasing the magnitude of return per dollar invested. Multiple cropping of pepper and squash with trickle irrigation has an excellent potential in south Georgia provided nematodes and other soil-borne pathogens can be adequately controlled.