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Two experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1990 to determine the effects of planting density, N fertilizer rate, and cultivar on fresh yield of dill. A split plot design was used in the first experiment in which planting density (one versus two rows per bed) was the main plot treatment and N rate (0, 56, 112 kg/ha) was the subplot treatment. A European cultivar, `Crown,' was used in the first experiment in 1988 while `Long Island Mammoth' was planted in 1990, N was applied in split applications while both K2 O and P2 O5 were preplant incorporated at the rate of 134 kg/ha. Planting was done on bedded rows approximately 66 cm wide and 15 cm high. N fertilizer application did not affect yield in 1988. Leaf, stem, flower, and total yields were greater for the high density planting. The second experiment evaluated yield of four cultivars (`Tetra,' `Bouquet.' `Long Island Mammoth,' and `Crown') using a randomized complete block design. `Long Island Mammoth' and `Tetra' produced greater leaf and total fresh weight while `Long Island Mammoth' and `Bouquet' produced greater flower fresh weight.
The effects of planting density and N fertilizer rate on fresh yield of `Long Island Mammoth' dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were evaluated using a split plot design. Planting density (one versus two row beds) was the main plot treatment and N rate, the subplot treatment. High, medium and low N rates were 0, 56 and 112 kg/ha in 1990, but 28, 56 and 112 kg/ha in 1992, respectively. P and K were applied at rates of 59 and 111 kg/ha, respectively. In 1990 yields increased as N rate increased. In 1992 the medium N rate produced greater yields than did the high rate, but yields from plots receiving the low N rate did not differ from those receiving other treatments. Planting density did not significantly affect yield in either year. In a second study four, cultivars (`Bouquet', `Crown', `Long Island Mammoth' and `Tetra') were evaluated in 1990 using a randomized complete block design with N applied at 56 kg/ha. `Dukat' and `Fernleaf were added in 1992. Cultivar yields differed only in 1992 when `Long Island Mammoth' outyielded `Crown' and `Fernleaf'.
A three year study was conducted in which fall-planted cover crops of hairy vetch, Austrian winter pea and crimson clover were each followed by spring-planted `Sundance' summer squash and `Dasher' cucumber. Squash and cucumber crops were followed by fall `Florida Broadleaf' mustard green and `Vates' collard, respectively. The same vegetable sequences were also planted without benefit of cover crop. Three nitrogen (N) rates were applied to each vegetable crop. Biomass and resulting N contribution of Austrian winter pea were inconsistent when compared to the other covers. Spring vegetables following crimson clover generally outyielded vegetables in the other sequences. Effects of cover on fall crops were greatest during the third year when vegetable yields following clover again exceeded yields from other sequences. Elimination of N fertilizer resulted in reduced yields for all crops, but yields of crops receiving one-half the recommended N rate were generally comparable to those receiving the full rate.
Fall-planted cover crops of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense L. Poir), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were each followed by spring-planted 'Sundance' summer squash [Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo (L.) Alef.] and 'Dasher' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Squash and cucumber crops were followed by fall 'Florida Broadleaf mustard green [Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak] and 'Vates' collard (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala group), respectively. The same vegetable sequences were also planted without benefit of cover crop. Three nitrogen (N) rates were applied to each vegetable crop. Squash following winter pea and crimson clover produced greater yields than did squash planted without preceding cover crop. Cucumber following crimson clover produced the greatest yields. No cover crop effect was noted with mustard or collard. Elimination of N fertilizer resulted in reduced yields for all crops, but yields of crops with one-half the recommended N applied were generally comparable to those receiving the full recommended rate.