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Nigellia sativa L. plants were fertilized with different rates of NPK fertilizers and sprayed with the growth regulators BL-2142 at 0, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, CCC at 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm and Multiprop at 0. 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm.
The results indicated that both of NPK fertilization and growth regulator treatments enhanced the plant growth in terms of stem diameter, branch number and herb dry weight. Also, these treatments caused early flowering, increased fruit number and seed yield compared to the control plants.
The interaction between NPK fertilization and growth regulators had a synergistic effect. The highest seed yield was obtained when the plants received 200, 100, and 25 kg/feddan (feddan = 4200 sqm) of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively and sprayed with CCC at 500 ppm.
Nigellia sativa L. plants were fertilized with different rates of NPK fertilizers in combination with the growth regulators, BL-2142, CCC and Multiprop sprayed at varied concentrations.
Fertilization and growth regulators increased the volatile and fixed oil content in the seeds. The photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, the reducing sugar and the total carbohydrate contents, N, P, and K uptake in the herb were also increased.
The interaction between fertilization and growth regulators had a synergistic effect on increasing the volatile and fixed oil percentage and yield, the photosynthetic pigments, N, P, K uptake. The highest volatile oil yield was found when the plants received 100, 200 and 50 kg/feddan (4,200 sqm) of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively and sprayed with 500 ppm BL-2142, 1000 ppm CCC or 12.5 pm Multiprop. The volatile oil, fixed oil yield and seed yield were highly and significantly correlated with each other.
Abstract
Resistance to T. basicola was found in Phaseolus vulgaris lines P.I.203958 (N203) and 2114-12. To determine the inheritance of resistance, these 2 lines were crossed with each other and with the susceptible cv. Redkote. Greenhouse tests were conducted on parental, F1, F2, and backcross progenies of each of the 3 crosses, and on F3 progenies of crosses ‘Redkote’ × 2114-12 and ‘Redkote’ × N203. The data indicate that N203 and 2114-12 possess the same genes for resistance, that resistance is partially recessive, and that resistance is controlled by approximately 3 genes. Broad sense heritability was estimated as 59% and the additive variance as 39%.
Abstract
Previous reports suggest similarity between Fusarium and Thielaviopsis root rot resistances in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with regard to both source and nature of resistance. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the genes controlling resistance to the 2 pathogens. The susceptible cultivar ‘Redkote’ was crossed with bean lines 2114-12 and P.I. 203958 (N203), both of which have resistance to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis. Four populations of F6 lines were separately developed. Two populations were derived from ‘Redkote’ × 2114-12; one was selected for resistance to Fusarium and the second for resistance to Thielaviopsis. Similarily, a Fusarium-resistant and also a Thielaviopsis-resistant population of F6 lines were derived from ‘Redkote’ × N203. Two additional populations of F4 plants, one resistant to Fusarium and one resistant to Thielaviopsis, were derived from the backcross [(‘Redkote’ × 2114-12, F2) × ‘Redkote’]. The F6 and F4 lines developed for resistance to Fusarium or to Thielaviopsis were subsequently tested for resistance to the other pathogen. The data indicate that genes controlling resistance to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis are different and non-linked.
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an important medicinal plant in the pharmacological industry. It is cultivated on a commercial scale, but its seeds have a slow, unsynchronized germination rate. Enhancing seed germination is crucial for improving the production of black cumin. The influence of presowing treatments [gibberellic acid (GA3), potassium nitrate, salicylic acid, and stratification at 4 °C] on seed germination was assessed. Seed germination was determined daily for 30 days, and germination parameters, including final germination percentage (FGP), corrected germination rate, number of days to reach 50% of FGP, and seedling length vigor index, were evaluated. Endogenous contents of GA3 and abscisic acid (ABA) in nonstratified and stratified seeds were estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and seedling growth was determined in 45-day-old seedlings. All presowing treatments tended to boost early germination for the first 10 days compared with the control. Low concentrations of GA3 at 0.25 g·L−1 also increased FGP (80%) compared with the control group (65.55%). Stratification for 4 weeks provided the greatest FGP value at 95.56%, and stratification for 3 weeks proved to be the most effective treatment for optimal seedling growth. Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of stratified seeds revealed the alteration in intensities of 13 bands and the appearance of a new band (180 kDa) indicating a change in the synthesis of proteins during stratification. Moreover, stratification modulated the endogenous GA3 and ABA contents of black cumin seeds, which alleviated the physiological dormancy and resulted in high and synchronized seed germination.