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Metolachlor was evaluated for annual grass and eastern black nightshade (Solarium ptycanthum Dun.) control in processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Metolachlor applied preplant incorporated provided excellent (> 88%) control of annual grasses and eastern black nightshade. The metolachlor, metribuzin plus trifluralin tank mix applied preplant and incorporated into the soil provided better annual grass and eastern black nightshade control than the metolachlor plus metribuzin tank mix in two of three years. Nonincorporated and posttransplant treatments of metolachlor provided good annual grass control but failed to control eastern black nightshade. Tomato yield in all herbicide treatments was similar to that from hand weeded controls. Metolachlor dissipated from the soil throughout the growing season so that at the time of harvest <10% of that applied was recovered. Metolachlor residues in the fruit were hydrolyzed to deacylated (CGA 37913) or hydrolyzed conjugated (CGA 49751) metolachlor metabolizes. Analyses of extracts from treated fruits were found to be less than the detection limit of 50 ppb in the whole fruit harvested from selected metolachlor treatments. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide (metolachlor); 2,6-dinitro-N,N -dipropyl-4-(trifluromethyl)benzenamine (trifluralin); 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-tlriazin-5(4H)-one (metribuzin); 2-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)amino-1-propanol (CGA 37913); 4-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-morphol. inone (CGA 49751).
As part of the New Floriculture Crop Program at the University of Georgia, a research project was initiated in Fall 2004 to determine production protocols for forcing woody shrubs in the greenhouse. The influence of cooling on greenhouse forcing of three woody taxa (Caryopteris ×clandonensis `Sunshine Blue', Leycesteria formosa `Golden Lanterns' and Sambucus nigra `Black Lace') was evaluated. Dormant rooted liners (7 cm) were received in November 2004 and were cooled for 0, 6, or 10 weeks at 1.7–4.4 °C. With 0 weeks cooling, Caryopteris ×clandonensis `Sunshine Blue' never reached an acceptable finish stage. With 6 weeks cooling, plants were not of sufficient quality to be saleable; however with 10 weeks cooling, plants finished in 7 weeks in the greenhouse. With 0 weeks cooling, Leycesteria formosa`Golden Lanterns' was saleable in 13 weeks. With 6 weeks cooling, plants finished in 7 weeks. With 10 weeks cooling, plants finished in 8 weeks. With 0 weeks cooling, Sambucus nigra `Black Lace' never reached a saleable stage. With 6 weeks cooling plants were saleable in 11 weeks; with 10 weeks cooling plants finished in 6 weeks. The data suggest that cold is necessary for greenhouse forcing of Caryopteris and Sambucus, and that 10 weeks of cold resulted in the shortest production time. Data suggest that 6 weeks cooling of Leycesteria resulted in the shortest production time; however cooling is not necessary to produce a finished plant of good quality.
Abstract
String impregnated with simazine, atrazine, and diuron (6.6%, 2.2%, and 2.2% by weight) controlled weeds in rows of 8 month-old peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and apricot (P. armeniaca L.) seedling nursery stock. A single strand of herbicide-impregnated string controlled all weed growth in a band 30.5 cm wide when placed at the base of the seedlings on the surface of a Fox sandy loam soil. Complete weed control was obtained from the fall of 1973 to the fall of 1974. Placement of the string at various heights above the soil surface gave less satisfactory weed control than surface placement, permitted less release of herbicide and caused injury to young leaves which came in constant contact with the string. A wheat bioassay of the nursery soil after seedling removal indicated no phytotoxic residues. Chemical analysis of the string at the end of the experiment showed that 88% of the herbicide was released when one strand of string was placed on the soil surface. This resulted in a concentration of 4.05, 1.35 and 1.35 kg/ha of simazine, atrazine and diuron, respectively, in the treated area. No phytotoxicity from the soil surface string placement was observed on peach or apricot nursery trees.