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- Author or Editor: W. F. Wardowski x
- Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science x
Abstract
Effects of storage time, temperature, fruit preparation, time of harvest and number of diphenyl pads per carton with ‘Dancy’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and ‘Sunburst’ a seedling from ‘Robinson’ × ‘Osceola’, each C. reticulata × (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata) tangerines were studied to determine the amount of diphenyl absorbed and extent of decay. Storage of ‘Dancy’ and ‘Sunburst’ at 4°C for up to 4 weeks with 1 or 2 diphenyl pads resulted in diphenyl residues less than the U.S. legal tolerance of 110 ppm. However, storage of both cultivars for 2 weeks at 21°C with 2 diphenyl pads resulted in residues exceeding this tolerance limit. Decay and diphenyl residues both tended to be higher for ‘Dancy’ than for ‘Sunburst’. ‘Dancy’ tangerines stored for 4 weeks at 21°C all decayed. Statistical examination of 2 harvests of ‘Sunburst’ showed that early harvested fruit were less susceptible to decay but prone to absorb higher amounts of diphenyl.
Abstract
The long voyage of Florida grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) to Japan and extended marketing periods on arrival were associated with a problem with excess diphenyl (biphenyl) residues. Japanese food additive regulations have necessitated reliance on the vapor-phase fungistat diphenyl, for which residues in the fruit increase with time after packing. Residues in some shipments unexpectedly exceeded the Japanese tolerance of 70 ppm. Experiments designed to identify the effect of various factors on diphenyl residues are reported. The amount of diphenyl, temperature before refrigerated transit and exposure time, especially before refrigeration, affected diphenyl residues. Air filtration had little effect. Very early season grapefruit (harvest started before legal maturity) in August and September 1978 absorbed excessive diphenyl residues. Excessive absorption of diphenyl by grapefruit is apparently characteristic of very early fruit.