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- Author or Editor: Peter R. Bristow x
- HortScience x
In Spring 1996, `Meeker' red raspberry root cuttings were planted into a sandy loam soil in 30 cm tall x 27 cm diameter black plastic containers. During Mar. 1997, a second bottomless container was placed over the overwintering canes of half of the plants. The second container was filled with the same sandy loam soil to simulate ridging of the plants. All plants were grown using standard cultural practices on an outdoor, gravel nursery bed. Freeze tolerance of potted whole plants and excised root sections was measured at 5 °C intervals between -5 and -20 °C in a series of laboratory freeze tests conducted during Jan. 1998. Electrolyte leakage data were used to calculate the index of injury for excised roots while whole-plant response to freezing was determined by measuring the subsequent growth of floricane lateral shoots and of primocanes. After 1 month in the greenhouse, results indicated the dry weight of primocanes harvested from plants that were exposed to -20 °C was 56% of the nonfrozen control primocane dry weight. Primocane dry weight from plants exposed to -5, -10 and -15 °C was not different from the controls. Similar results were obtained for the percent of floricanes that were alive and for the dry weight of laterals produced by these floricanes after 3 months in the greenhouse. The whole-plant freeze test results indicated plants at the lowest temperature, -20 °C, were injured but not killed. Root index of injury of single potted plants averaged 5%, 15%, 29%, and 58% at -5, -10, -15, and -20 °C, respectively.
Gas exchange measurements were made on healthy and rose bloom infected branches of cranberry on 31 May 1991 during the middle of the sporing period. CO2 assimilation rates of infected branches were reduced 89% on a leaf area basis and 95% on a dry weight basis compared to healthy tissue. Stomatal conductance was 12× higher in infected tissue, while mesophyll conductance was reduced by 92%. Transpiration was 4× higher in diseased tissue reducing water use efficiency by 96%.
Total chlorophyll content of diseased tissue was 81% less than that of healthy tissue but chlorophyll a/b was unchanged. Fourth derivative profiles of chlorophyll action spectra were altered in diseased tissue. Rose bloom leaves were found to lack stomata and have no discernable mesophyll layer.
Abstract
Triangular comparison sensory evaluation tests indicated that there were no detectable changes in the flavor of ‘Concord’ highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) following spray treatments with 2 formulations of the fungicide triforine. Time of harvest (early vs. late) following the fungicide applications had no influence on the judges’ decisions. This data is part of the information required by the Environmental Protection Agency to effect registration of this fungicide, which is a successful control measure against mummy berry disease.
Red raspberry genotypes (Rubus idaeus L.) were evaluated for resistance to root rot at two field sites in Washington state and in a greenhouse study. Thirteen raspberry genotypes were planted in two field sites naturally infested with Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi Wilcox and Duncan and evaluated over 3 years for growth and symptom expression. In greenhouse pot tests, 14 genotypes were inoculated with an isolate of P. fragariae var. rubi at three inoculum levels and evaluated for growth, root color, and symptom expression using a 1 to 4 rating scale. Eleven of the 14 cultivars were found to be susceptible or very susceptible to root rot in the field and greenhouse. ‘Summit’ and ‘Newburgh’ possessed high levels of resistance to the pathogen. ‘Cascade Bounty’ also showed high resistance to root rot in the greenhouse, but confirmation from a field study is needed. Subjective root ratings of greenhouse-grown plants correlated well with measurements of cane numbers and cane infection in the field. The greenhouse tests were useful in identifying resistant genotypes and very susceptible genotypes but did not always match field results. Observation of at least 3 years in the field was necessary to compare relative reaction with root rot among genotypes.