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- Author or Editor: Kenneth C. Sanderson x
- Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science x
Abstract
An increase in shoot length and shoot dry weight and a decrease in number of shoots per lateral branch, with no effect on number of leaves per shoot, was observed on sheared azaleas grown under increased daylengths in environmental chambers or greenhouses. Plants grown at low (24-19°C) temperatures in environmental chambers had greater shoot lengths, higher numbers of shoots, more leaves per shoot, and decreased shoot dry weight. Decreases in shoot length, number of shoots, number of leaves per shoot, and shoot dry weight occurred as node position for shearing increased (counting from the shearing point). Thus, an inverse relationship apparently exists between node position for shearing and shoot growth in greenhouse azaleas.
Abstract
Foliar analysis data (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and B) and growth parameters (flower diameter and dry weight and flowering stem weight and length) indicated that municipal compost could be used as a soil amendment for chrysanthemum culture. Compost amendment produced plants high in foliar K, Cu, B, and Zn. A marginal leaf injury was observed in compost-grown plants. While K, Cu, and Zn toxicities were disproven, B toxicity still remained a possible explanation for the symptoms. Plants grown in perlite media were high in K, Ca, Cu, Al, B, and Zn, and perlite amendment may have accented the leaf injury observed in compost media. Negative correlations of growth parameters occurred with foliar K, Cu, Al, B, Na, and Zn concentrations.
Abstract
Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Moran ‘Christmas Charm’, ‘Lavender Doll’, and ‘White Christmas’ were grown under an 8 hr natural photoperiod or an 8 hr natural photoperiod plus 4 hr of incandescent light from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am and treated with single sprays of BA at 100 and 200 ppm, GA at 25, 50, and 100 ppm, BA at 100 and 200 ppm plus GA at 25 or 100 ppm, calcium carbide at 2910 ppm, ethephon at 100 and 1000 ppm, daminozide at 5000 ppm, ancymidol at 132 ppm, and chlormequat at 1000 ppm in 2 experiments. No flower buds were initiated from any plants grown under the 8 + 4 hr photoperiod. BA applied at 100 and 200 ppm increased the number of phylloclades on ‘Christmas Charm’ plants grown under the 8 + 4 hr. BA at 200 ppm applied to plants grown under the 8 hr photoperiod caused an increase in flower bud number and earlier flowering in all cultivars tested. BA + 100 or 200 ppm 100 ppm GA applied to plants grown under the 8 hr + 4 hr photoperiod stimulated the growth and elongation of phylloclades. Applied to plants grown under the 8 hr photoperiod, BA plus GA caused the growth and elongation of phylloclades, initiation of lower buds, and induced the development of lateral phylloclades and flower buds. Ancymidol at 132 ppm and 1000 ppm chlormequat sprays produced earlier flower bud initiation and increased flower number to flower bud ratios on ‘Christmas Charm’ plants. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-H-purin-6-amine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA); (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide); α-cycloproply-α-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) (ancymidol).
Abstract
Applications of 0.5% dikegulac sodium (sodium salt of 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(l-methylethylidene-L-xylo-2-hexulofu-ranosonic acid) sprays produced significantly more new shoots on ‘Red wing’ or ‘King fisher’ azalea plants than manual pinching and other chemical pinching agents in 2 experiments. In 5 other experiments involving 5 other cultivars, dikegulac sodium-treated plants generally produced the most shoots, however, the shoot number was not different from shoot number on either manually pinched or 4.2% Off-Shoot-O-treated (mixture of C6 to C12 methyl ester of fatty acids) plants. Sprays of dimethyl dodecylamine caprylate at 0.2% and 0.5%, n-decanol at 2.5%, ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid)] at 0.08%, and UBI-P293 (2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin) at 1.0% gave inconsisent results but yielded shoot number comparable to dikegulac sodium in some tests. Off-Shoot-O, dimethyl dodecylamine caprylate, and n-un-decanol were destructive pinching agents at some concentrations and caused considerable plant injury. Dikegulac sodium caused minor injury and transient chlorosis. Ethephon, PBA [6-benzylamino-9(2-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-9H-purine], and UBI-P293 did not produce any visible phytotoxicities. Shoots of plants sprayed with 0.5% dikegulac sodium and 1.0% UBI-P293 were of similar length or shorter than shoots of either manually pinched or untreated check plants 3 weeks after treatment.
Abstract
An isolate of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.) Ferraris from Ilex crenata Thunb. was highly pathogenic to susceptible hollies while the isolate from Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey was less pathogenic. Various ratios of pine bark and sphagnum peatmoss did not suppress T. basicola on susceptible hollies. Of the cultivars tested, I. crenata ‘Helleri’ and I. pernyi Franch were most susceptible, while I. aquifolium L. × I. cornuta Lindl. and Paxt. ‘Nellie R. Stevens’, I. cornuta ‘Burfordii’ × I. peryni ‘Lydia Morris’, and I. cornuta ‘Burfordii Nana’ were the most resistant to T. basicola. I. crenata ‘Helleri’, grown in a medium with a pH of 5.0 or 6.0, had less black root rot development than similar plants in a medium with a pH of 6.5.