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Abstract
Tissue analysis of 14 cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) in both 1974 and 1975 indicated that late maturing cultivars generally were higher in thiocyanate ion (SCN−) content than early maturing cultivars. In both years, there was a significant positive correlation between SCN− content of cultivars and days to maturity. While SCN− content of late-planted (June 18, 1975) unirrigated ‘Badger Market’ and ‘Storage Green’ cabbages were more than twice as high as corresponding late-planted cabbages irrigated 5 times per week, the SCN− content of early-planted (May 6) cabbages of both cultivars was not significantly influenced by irrigation treatment. In contrast, the marketable head fresh weight of both cultivars was lowest in late-planted, unirrigated plots. Head SCN− content was negatively correlated with marketable head fresh weight and with total top weight of both cabbage cultivars.
Abstract
The thiocyanate ion (SCN−) content in leaves and stems of 2 cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis group) and 2 broccoli (B. oleracea L. Italica group) cultivars was highest in 15-day seedlings at the cotyledon stage of development, then decreased rapidly and showed little change in 72-day and older plants. The highest quantities of SCN− in cauliflower curds and broccoli heads generally occurred at the premature stage of development, after which it decreased rapidly. Except for ‘Jet Snow’ cauliflower, relatively high quantities of SCN− were found in edible curds of 9 other cauliflower cultivars and heads of 6 broccoli cultivars at the optimum mature stage.
To determine the effect of blossom and fruitlet thinners on crop load, fruit weight, seed development during the year of treatment, and the subsequent year effect on return bloom, fruit weight and yield, a field trial using the biennial apple cultivar `Northern Spy' (Malus × domestica Borkh.) was established. Treatments applied at full bloom included ATS (ammonium thiosulphate) [12% (w/v) nitrogen, 26% (w/v) S]; TD [15.9% (w/v) diacarboxylic acid, 5.5% (w/v) dimethylalkylamine salt (Endothal)] and SCY [57% (w/v) pelargonic acid (Scythe)]. At 18 days after full bloom (DAFB), oil treatments [98% (w/v) mineral oil (Superior “70” oil)] were applied with S [480 g·L-1 a.i. carbaryl (Sevin XLR)] and without as a means of increasing the efficacy of S. BA [19 g·L-1 a.i. 6-benzyladenine/1.9 g·L-1 a.i. gibberellins 4+7 (Accel)]; S; and/or SA [100% (w/w) 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid)], were also applied in a factorial arrangement on the same day. Fruit abscission was significantly increased the year of treatment with BA, S, BA + S, BA + SA, S + SA, BA + S + SA, oil, and S + oil. Average fruit weight was enhanced by S, BA + S, BA + SA, S + SA, BA + S + SA, and S + oil although in the latter treatment the crop load was very low. Only treatments that included BA reduced the number of fully developed seeds per fruit and seed number per trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) and increased return bloom. Defining the number of fully developed seeds per tree coupled with crop load is proposed as a predictor of return bloom in `Northern Spy'.
Abstract
Glucosinolates extracted from seeds of 2 rutabaga (Brassica napus L. Napobrassica group) and 2 turnip (B. rapa L. Rapifera group) cultivars, and also from roots sampled at 2-week intervals during growth and development on 2 soil types, were hydrolyzed and the individual volatile products identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Four isothiocyanates (3-butenyl-, 4-pentenyl-, 4-methylthiobutyl-, and 2-phenylethyl-isothiocyanates), and 2 nitriles (1-cyano-4-methylthiobutane and 2-phenylethylnitrile), were identified. Yields of each constituent varied considerably between cultivars, and also seasonally in root tissue, but generally were quantitatively similar in trend within cultivar grown on loam and organic soils; 2-phenylethyl-isothiocyanate was predominant in roots.