Search Results
You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :
- Author or Editor: Hae-Jeen Bang x
- HortScience x
Dry heat treatment has been commonly used to inactivate some seed-borne pathogens in vegetable seeds. Virtually all the gourd seeds for watermelon rootstock are being treated with dry heat to inactivate cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV, a strain of tobamovirus) and Fusarium. Seeds of five gourd and one squash cultivars were treated with dry heat (35 °C for 24 h + 50 °C for 24 h + 75 °C for 72 h) and, immediately after the dry heat treatment, the seeds (moisture content of 1% or lower) were allowed to absorb atmospheric moisture in a moisture saturated chamber until the seed moisture contents reached 2% to 8%. After the equilibrium obtained, the seeds were sealed in air-tight bags and stored for 1 day or 30 days at 20 °C. The seeds were then sown in cell trays and the emergence and seedling characteristics were evaluated. Dry heat treatment caused significant delay in emergence in all tested cultivars, but had little or no influence on the final emergence rate. Moderate to severe injury was observed in seedlings grown from dry heat-treated seeds in three out of six cultivars tested. However, little or no dry heat phytotoxicity was observed in other cultivars, thus suggesting the marked differences in cultivar susceptibility to dry heat treatment. Rapid humidification before sealing also appeared to reduce the early emergence rate in some cultivars, but had no effect on the final emergence rate in most cultivars. Storage of dry heat-treated seeds in sealed bags for 30 days before sowing was highly effective in minimizing the phytotoxicity symptoms in seedlings as compared to the seedlings grown from the seeds sown immediately after the dry heat treatment. This suggests that the reestablishment of metabolic process required for normal seed germination requires a long period after the dry heat treatment. Other characteristics associated with DH treatment will also be presented.
Grafting is common in all cucurbits in Asia, and gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is the most popular rootstock for watermelons. Since the grafting is practiced at very early stage (right after the cotyledon expansion), uniform germination of rootstocks as well as the scions is crucial for grafting efficiency. Seeds were divided into three groups; intact, dry-heat treated (75 °C for 72 h), and brushed (575 rpm for 5 min). In each group, various solid matrix priming (SMP) treatments were imposed. Microcel E was used for SMP treatment with water or chemical solutions (10 seed: 1 Microcel E: 3 water, by weight). SMP treatment promoted earlier seed germination in all tested cultivars, thus resulting in higher rate of graftable seedlings. Brushing before SMP further enhanced earlier and uniform seed germination. Dry heat treatment, which can eliminated the seed-borne Fusarium spp. and virus, significantly delayed the early germination although the final germination percentage was not influenced. The characteristics of seedlings will also be presented.
The effectiveness of solid matrix priming (SMP) and seed brushing was further evaluated by using an thermo-gradient table (Seed Processing, Holland) set at 10 different temperatures from 12 to 30 °C. Intact or brushed seeds of gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) were primed with Micorocel E (Celite Corp.) at 25 °C for 3 days in the mixture of 10 seed: 1 Microcel E: 3 water, by weight, and the primed seeds were dried again for long-term storage. SMP treatment significantly increased earlier seed germination at all temperatures. However, the difference in seed germination rate between intact and SMP-treated seeds was most pronounced at somewhat lower temperatures of 18-22 °C. SMP-treated seed showed about 20% final germination rate at 12 °C, whereas intact seeds did not germinate at all. Seed brushing treatment itself did not influenced the germination rate. However, brushing treatment before SMP treatment significantly increased the SMP effect. Combined use of chemicals in solution further increased the early germination. Details of various seed treatment methods will be presented.
Soybean sprouts are one of the most-favored traditional vegetables around the world. The sprouts are usually consumed 7 to 10 days after sowing depending upon the growing conditions. High-quality sprouts should have less secondary roots, short and well-swollen hypocotyls in pure white color, and small cotyledons in hooked position. Cytokinins were reported to be effective in producing such sprouts by promoting sprout growth while inhibiting the excessive hypocotyl elongation and secondary root growth. Seeds of four soybean cultivars with different characteristics were soaked in water for 4 h and, 2 to 3 h after the imbibition, the seeds were soaked again in solutions of different cytokinins such as benzyladenine (BA), BA-riboside (BAR), BPA, 2iP, 2iP-riboside, 4-CPPU, and kinetin-riboside (KR) for 10 min. After the treatment, the sprouts were grown in a plastic tube (25 cm height × 10.5 cm diameter) a dark culture room with ample watering every 4 h. After 7 days of growth, uniform samples were taken from each treatment and the sprout characteristics were examined. Some cytokinins such as BA, BAR, 4-CPPU were highly effective in promoting the sprout growth (fresh weight) even though the hypocotyl length was markedly reduced. Other cytokinins such as 2iP, 2iPR, and KR had no effect on sprout growth. Hypocotyl diameter was markedly increased by BA and 4-CPPU treatment, thus resulting in short, strong and good quality sprouts. Cultivars responded differently to cytokinin treatment by showing different growth promotion depending upon the sprout parts. Injury-like symptoms, abnormal and twisted heads or cotyledons, appeared in cytokinin-treated sprouts at high concentrations and the symptoms were severe when the sprouts were grown at high temperatures. In all the cultivars tested, BAR appeared to be better than others in terms of sprout quality and growth promoting characteristics.