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- Author or Editor: D. R. Motes x
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Southernpea (cowpea), Vigna ungiculata L. Walp, is an important processing and fresh-market vegetable in the southern United States. While many of the newer varieties are early maturing, there is still a need for late-maturing, high-yielding varieties. Arkansas 92-552 fills this niche. It is a bush plant that produces silver pods in the upper portion of large plants that are free of basal runners. The seed are medium size with a bright pink eye. Maturity is 5 to 7 days later than `Coronet' under Arkansas conditions. The variety processes well and canned peas have been rated equal to `Coronet' by consumers panels. The yield potential is high and it has produced higher yield than `Coronet' in replicated trials in Arkansas. 92-552 is also resistant to rootknot nematode.
Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important crop in the southern United States. The Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of three varieties. `Excel' produces a compact bush plant, from 45–60 cm tall with no basal runners. Pods are deep purple, 20–25 cm long and shell easily at the green mature stage. Flowering and fruiting are concentrated, with the pods produced at the top of the plant on medium-length peduncles. Seed has a bright pinkeye and is similar in size to pinkeye purple hull BVR but matures 3–4 days earlier. `Early Scarlet' produces a medium sized plant, from 60–75 cm tall with no basal runners. Pods are light red, 20–25 cm long and shell easily at the green mature stage. Flowering and fruiting are concentrated at the top of the plant with pods produced on medium-length peduncles. Seed has a light pinkeye and is similar in size to `Pinkeye Purple Hull BVR' but matures 2–3 days earlier. `Arkansas Blackeye #1' produces a bush plant, from 50–65 cm tall with no basal runners. The pods are silver, 20–25 cm long and shell easily. Flowering and fruiting are concentrated with the pods produced in the top of the plant on medium-length peduncles. Seed has a distinct medium-sized blackeye and the seed are very similar in size, type and eye pattern to `California #5 Blackeye'. Maturity is normally 2–3 days earlier than `Pinkeye Purple Hull BVR'.
Southernpeas Vigna unguiculata are a popular crop in the southeastern U.S. They are grown in home gardens, as a fresh market vegetable and are an important processing crop to both canners and freezers. While several types of southernpeas are grown, pinkeye purple hull types are by far the most important type for processing. The breeding line Arkansas 87-435 is bush, early maturing, concentrated set pinkeye purple hull type that has been widely tested in the southeastern U.S. It was entered in the southern cooperative trial for 3 yrs. and has been evaluated by major processors in the region. This line is being released to fill the need for an early maturing concentrated set pinkeye purple hull type that is adaptive to machine harvest and narrow row cultivar.
Southernpeas are an important crop to Arkansas processors, market gardeners and home gardeners. While the bulk of the acreage produced in the state is pinkeye purple hull types, there is a demand for other horticultural types. At present some processors consider `White Acre' to be the standard of cream pea quality, but under Arkansas conditions, `White Acre' produces excessive vine growth, is very late to mature and is susceptible to bacterial blight. For these reasons, the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of `Early Acre'. `Early Acre' has been widely tested under the designation Arkansas 84-154 and produces a very compact bush plant that has seed similar in size and shape to `White Acre', but matures 8-10 days earlier under Arkansas conditions. Although the plant type is well suited to narrow row spacing, `Early Acre' has produced yields similar to `White Acre' when both are planted at conventional row spacings. Samples have been canned by the Dept. of Food Science at the University of Arkansas and the samples have been rated equal to `White Acre' in processed quality. “Early Acre' has exhibited high levels of resistance to bacterial blight in replicated yield trials under field epidemics in both Arkansas and Texas.
Abstract
The ‘Cordner’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], developed jointly by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and Oklahoma State Univ., combines high yield, good sprout production, and excellent baking and canning quality.
The current national trends in nutrition have resulted in a very high interest in the benefits of proper diet. It is very apparent that adding foods high in antioxidants to the human diet can have drastic affects on human health by reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, as well as age-related degenerative diseases. It is well-known and well-documented that spinach is one of the very best vegetables in antioxidant potential. It is high in beta-carotene (provitamin A) and is also very high in lutein (a carotenoid that is a strong antioxidant but with no vitamin A activity). Lutein has also been documented to have the potential to significantly reduce macular degeneration in humans when added to the diet on a regular basis. With these health benefits in mind the Univ. of Arkansas is releasing the spinach breeding line that has been tested as 88-310. It is a slow-growing semi-savoy that exhibits excellent color and has a moderate level of white rust resistance. It has excellent plant type, producing a very attractive compact rosette plant that is very desirable for root cut whole plants or for various types of clipped spinach. It is best-suited to both fall and overwinter production in Arkansas and for winter production in the Texas wintergarden. Seed for tests can be obtained by contacting T.E. Morelock, Dept. of Horticulture, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
Southernpeas, Vigna unguiculata, are a popular vegetable in the southeastern United States. Southernpeas (cowpeas) are widely known by the many different horticultural types, i.e., blackeye, pinkeye, purple hull, cream, cowder, etc. `Elegance' was widely tested under the designation Ark 96-918. It was entered in the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials from 1997–2002, where it performed well. It is a root-knot nematode resistant cream that exhibits an upright bush habit with concentrated pod set and good yield potential. The seed are medium size and produce a high quality canned product. `Elegance' is unique in the fact that it is a purple hull cream with the pods turning from dark green to purple when the seed reach the green mature stage. The second release, Ark 98-348, is a selection out of `Chinese Red' that is less viney and has a more concentrated pod set and maturity than the `Chinese Red' types that are commercially grown. It was tested in the observational Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials from 2000–02. In trials at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Substation, it outyielded industry standard `Chinese Red' types Ark 93-640 and 93-641, by 30%.
Spinach, Spinacia oleracea, is a highly nutritious vegetable that is increasing in popularity more rapidly than any other salad crop. In the eastern United States spinach production is severely impacted by white rust, Albugo occidentalis. For many years, the University of Arkansas has bred spinach to cope with this endemic problem. While fungicides can provide a degree of control, the combination of genetic resistance and fungicides is the most effective method to insure production stability. `Evergreen' and F415 are the latest developments of this breeding program. `Evergreen', widely tested as Ark 88-212, is a slow growing, dark green, semi-savoy spinach that exhibits a good level of white rust resistance. It is not long-standing and should not be used for spring production in Arkansas and Oklahoma. It has been widely tested in Arkansas and Texas. F415, widely tested as Ark 91-415, is an upright, dark green, flat leaf spinach that has a good level of white rust resistance. It is is well suited to the Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas production area and, because of its better color and more upright growth habit, it should replace Ark F380.
Abstract
The Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of ‘Encore’ southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], ‘Encore’ has potential as both a commercial and home garden cultivar because of its high yield (Table 1), concentrated set, and bush plant habit (Fig. 1).
Tomatoes and sweet corn grew and produced equally well under no-tillage and conventional tillage methods in 1989. Simulated rainfall was applied through an overhead irrigation system four times during the growing period with 2.8 cm of water applied during each event. Total solids in collected runoff water were higher with conventional tillage than with no-tillage. Residue levels of atrazine, metolachlor, mancozeb, esfenvalerate, metribuzin, and metalaxyl and concentrations of N, P, and K in runoff water were determined and varied with runoff event, pesticide, nutrient, crop, and tillage method.