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- Author or Editor: A. D. Draper x
- HortScience x
Abstract
Irregular germination and delayed emergence of blueberry, strawberry, blackberry and raspberry seedlings have been noted by various investigators. Seed treatments such as afterripening (1) and acid scarification of strawberry seed (2) improved rapidity of germination, but neither treatment fully overcame the delay in seed germination. In a study with blueberry seed, after-ripening did not improve germination (2). Sporadic germination and delayed emergence of seedlings complicates a breeding program when uniform size of seedlings is desired.
Abstract
In a germination test with strawberry seed of different ages stored at 40°F, 23-year-old seed germinated as well as 1-year-old seed. Germination was relatively high for all of the seed lots, despite differences in age.
Abstract
A clone of the diploid blueberry species Vaccinium atrococcum Heller, was previously found to be highly resistant to the fungus tetraploid highbusy blueberry. The tetraploid V. atrococcum was highly root-rot resistant in a greenhouse study. It was crossed with ‘Earliblue’ and 85 seedlings were obtained. In general, the seedlings were fertile, had small, dark fruit with mild flavor, good scars and quite soft flesh consistency.
Blueberry selections Me-US 32 and Michigan Lowbush 1, and cultivars ‘Berkeley’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Earliblue’, and ‘Dixi’ were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to P. cinnamomi. Michigan Lowbush 1 was highly resistant to the root-rot fungus. Me-US 32 was resistant, but all the cultivars were susceptible. Michigan Lowbush 1 is a grandparent and probably the source of resistance of Me-US 32.
Abstract
‘Spartan’ highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corybosum L.) is a new cultivar resulting from the cooperative efforts of Michigan grower Arthur Elliott, the Michigan Blueberry Grower’s Association, and the Science and Education Administration, of USDA.
Abstract
‘Patriot’ a new hardy blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., originated in the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It has performed well at Jonesboro, Maine, Maryland, North Carolina, and Oregon. The name ‘Patriot’ was assigned in recognition of the U.S. Bicentennial.
Abstract
‘Georgiagem’, a new low-chilling cultivar. is the first highbush blueberry (Vacciniwn corymbosum L.) cultivar developed from the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA. Although ‘Georgiagem’ originated mostly from tetraploid highbush blueberry parentage, it obtained adaptation to the southern U.S. environment from the diploid species, V. darrowi, selected from the wild in Florida (2). ‘Georgiagem’ is early ripening, moderately productive, and has fruit of medium size with good color, small stem scar, firmness, and pleasant flavor.
Abstract
‘Brightwell’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) is a new cultivar originating from the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is productive, early ripening, and has medium-size fruit with excellent color, stem scar, firmness, and pleasant flavor. ‘Brightwell’ is intended for those areas of the southern United States where rabbiteye blueberries are successfully grown. This cultivar is named in honor of W.T. Brightwell who bred rabbiteye blueberries for over 30 years at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. He is known for the many excellent cultivars that he and his cooperators originated.
Abstract
‘Baldwin’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) is a new cultivar originating from the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and the USDA. It is a very productive, late-ripening cultivar with good flavor and firm, dark-blue fruit. Bacause of its lengthy ripening period ‘Baldwin’ is intended primarily for pick-your-own and backyard planting in areas of the southern United States where rabbiteye blueberries are grown successfully. ‘Baldwin’ is named in honor of Abraham Baldwin, Yale graduate, U.S. Senator, and founder and first president of the Univ. of Georgia,.
Abstract
Young strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) seedlings were screened over a 4-year period for resistance to a composite of races of the red stele root rot causal organism, Phytophthora fragariae. A mixture of mycelia of 5 races of the organism, agar and water used as a root dip at the time of planting into sand on 6- to 8-week-old seedlings gave uniform results in the elimination of susceptible seedlings approximately five months later. The technique lends itself to efficient and effective mass screening of strawberry seedlings for relative resistance to P. fragariae.
Abstract
The U.S. Department of Agriculture strawberry breeding program has introduced 61 cultivars from 6 breeding locations in its 61-year history. Fifteen to 20 of these cultivars have been widely grown, and 5 of the recent releases show exceptional promise. From its inception, the program has been aimed at producing high-quality, multipurpose cultivars with disease resistance and broad regional adaptation. Because of disease pressures, genetic resistance has been emphasized, especially for red stele root rot. The USDA has become the principal source of red stele-resistant germplasm for breeding pruposes, and has constantly refined and improved its disease-screening techniques. Red stele and Verticillium resistance have now been incorporated into everbearing strawberries adapted to the eastern United States. Investigations concerning virus detection and eradication and the propagation of virus-free stocks have led to state virus-free plant certification programs, which assure the public of production of the cleanest possible strawberry nursery stocks. The work of the USDA and cooperating state stations has played a significant role in the improvement of strawberry cultivars and the development of modern strawberry production in the United States.