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- Author or Editor: Kenneth C. Sanderson x
Abstract
African violets (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) are propagated commercially by leaf cuttings with or without a petiole (3). Laurie and Kiplinger (4) reported that leaves propagated without petioles produce more crowns. Developing shoots or crowns (plantlets) with roots usually are divided and handled as young plants. In one variation of this method the roots are removed from the shoots, the shoots are graded and the graded shoots are rerooted to obtain uniform plants. This method requires numerous shoots.
Abstract
Foliar sprays of 5,000 ppm dikegulac [sodium salt of 2,3:4,6 bis-0-(1-methylethlidene)-a-L-Xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid (Atrinal)] applied to 4 cultivars of greenhouse forcing azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) 1 week after shearing, produced plants with more shoots than untreated plants and plants treated with 42,000 ppm Off-Shoot-O (methyl esters of fatty acids: 4% C6, 56% C8, 38% C10 and 2% C12). Increases in shoot number on dikegulac-treated plants generally did not increase the number of flowers. Plants treated with sprays of 3,000 to 6,000 ppm dikegulac initially exhibited temporary shoot growth inhibition but had fewer by-pass shoots at flowering.
Abstract
Dry weight and total plant height of Hex cornuta IindL cv. Burfordii and Thuja occidentalis L. were greater in municipal compost-amended medium than in sphagnum peat moss-amended medium. Viburnum burkwoodii Burkwood did not show any differences in the two media. Generally, constant and biweekly liquid fertilizer regimes produced more growth than other regimes.
Abstract
An increase in shoot length and shoot dry weight and a decrease in number of shoots per lateral branch, with no effect on number of leaves per shoot, was observed on sheared azaleas grown under increased daylengths in environmental chambers or greenhouses. Plants grown at low (24-19°C) temperatures in environmental chambers had greater shoot lengths, higher numbers of shoots, more leaves per shoot, and decreased shoot dry weight. Decreases in shoot length, number of shoots, number of leaves per shoot, and shoot dry weight occurred as node position for shearing increased (counting from the shearing point). Thus, an inverse relationship apparently exists between node position for shearing and shoot growth in greenhouse azaleas.
Abstract
Foliar analysis data (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and B) and growth parameters (flower diameter and dry weight and flowering stem weight and length) indicated that municipal compost could be used as a soil amendment for chrysanthemum culture. Compost amendment produced plants high in foliar K, Cu, B, and Zn. A marginal leaf injury was observed in compost-grown plants. While K, Cu, and Zn toxicities were disproven, B toxicity still remained a possible explanation for the symptoms. Plants grown in perlite media were high in K, Ca, Cu, Al, B, and Zn, and perlite amendment may have accented the leaf injury observed in compost media. Negative correlations of growth parameters occurred with foliar K, Cu, Al, B, Na, and Zn concentrations.
Abstract
Foliar sprays of 0.5% dikegulac sodium applied to 4 cultivars of greenhouse-forcing azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) 11 days after shearing, decreased shoot length and increased shoot number with more shoots originating along the entire stem at lower node positions than on untreated plants. Five to 6 weeks after treatment shoot length increased normally indicating that dikegulac sodium did not have a long term depressive effect on azalea shoot growth and development.
Abstract
Boron ranging from 13 to 800 ppm was applied (100 ml per 15 cm pot) to the media of the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cvs. Improved Albatross and CF No. 2 Good News. Seasonal variation was observed in injury time and foliar toxic levels. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed at foliar levels of 136 ppm in ‘Improved Albatross’ and 350 ppm in ‘CF No. 2 Good News’ 4 days after B application in an April to May experiment, while 7 to 28 days were required to produce symptoms at foliar levels of 158 ppm in ‘Improved Albatross’ and 144 ppm in ‘CF No. 2 Good News’ in a December to March experiment. Stem length and flower diameter decreased with increases in B concentration applied. Foliar B levels exceeding 100 ppm reduced growth.
Abstract
Schlumbergera truncata (Haw.) Moran ‘Christmas Charm’, ‘Lavender Doll’, and ‘White Christmas’ were grown under an 8 hr natural photoperiod or an 8 hr natural photoperiod plus 4 hr of incandescent light from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am and treated with single sprays of BA at 100 and 200 ppm, GA at 25, 50, and 100 ppm, BA at 100 and 200 ppm plus GA at 25 or 100 ppm, calcium carbide at 2910 ppm, ethephon at 100 and 1000 ppm, daminozide at 5000 ppm, ancymidol at 132 ppm, and chlormequat at 1000 ppm in 2 experiments. No flower buds were initiated from any plants grown under the 8 + 4 hr photoperiod. BA applied at 100 and 200 ppm increased the number of phylloclades on ‘Christmas Charm’ plants grown under the 8 + 4 hr. BA at 200 ppm applied to plants grown under the 8 hr photoperiod caused an increase in flower bud number and earlier flowering in all cultivars tested. BA + 100 or 200 ppm 100 ppm GA applied to plants grown under the 8 hr + 4 hr photoperiod stimulated the growth and elongation of phylloclades. Applied to plants grown under the 8 hr photoperiod, BA plus GA caused the growth and elongation of phylloclades, initiation of lower buds, and induced the development of lateral phylloclades and flower buds. Ancymidol at 132 ppm and 1000 ppm chlormequat sprays produced earlier flower bud initiation and increased flower number to flower bud ratios on ‘Christmas Charm’ plants. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-H-purin-6-amine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA); (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide); α-cycloproply-α-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) (ancymidol).
Abstract
Applications of 0.5% dikegulac sodium (sodium salt of 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(l-methylethylidene-L-xylo-2-hexulofu-ranosonic acid) sprays produced significantly more new shoots on ‘Red wing’ or ‘King fisher’ azalea plants than manual pinching and other chemical pinching agents in 2 experiments. In 5 other experiments involving 5 other cultivars, dikegulac sodium-treated plants generally produced the most shoots, however, the shoot number was not different from shoot number on either manually pinched or 4.2% Off-Shoot-O-treated (mixture of C6 to C12 methyl ester of fatty acids) plants. Sprays of dimethyl dodecylamine caprylate at 0.2% and 0.5%, n-decanol at 2.5%, ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid)] at 0.08%, and UBI-P293 (2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-1,4-oxathiin) at 1.0% gave inconsisent results but yielded shoot number comparable to dikegulac sodium in some tests. Off-Shoot-O, dimethyl dodecylamine caprylate, and n-un-decanol were destructive pinching agents at some concentrations and caused considerable plant injury. Dikegulac sodium caused minor injury and transient chlorosis. Ethephon, PBA [6-benzylamino-9(2-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-9H-purine], and UBI-P293 did not produce any visible phytotoxicities. Shoots of plants sprayed with 0.5% dikegulac sodium and 1.0% UBI-P293 were of similar length or shorter than shoots of either manually pinched or untreated check plants 3 weeks after treatment.
Abstract
Cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) treated with a basal dip of 0.1% indolebutyric acid (IBA) alone (control) or in combination with 5% ferbam (ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate), benomyl [methyl 1-(butyl-carbamoyl)-2-benzimida-zole-carbamate], metalaxyl [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl) alanine methyl ester], PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene), and ethazol (5-ethoxy-3-tricloromethyl-l,2,4-thiadiazole) did not differ in rooting index or weight. Increasing the percentage of fungicide above 5% generally reduced rooting. However, rooting was similar to the control with combinations of ferbam at 5% to 67% or metalaxyl at 20%. Fenaminosulf (p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate) at 5% to 67% reduced rooting.