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carbohydrate, and also functions to balance source and sink metabolites ( Yu et al., 2015 ). Sucrose produced in leaves is transported into underground organs (new corm and cormels) where it is used for starch synthesis by AGPase. Starch synthesis and

.C. Vorsa, N. Poole, A.P. 1996 Fruit mass development in three cranberry cultivars and five production regions J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121 680 685 Fernandez, G.E. Pritts, M.P. 1994 Growth, carbon acquisition, and source-sink relationships in ‘Titan’ red

formation on large stem cuttings. The direct relationship between carbohydrate status at the time of stem excision and propagation success rates indicates that the inclusion of a plant physiologist with knowledge of source–sink relations may be a

Sucrose is the principal sugar in plants and plays a vital role in plant growth and development ( Rolland et al., 2006 ) by serving as a critical molecule for carbohydrate and energy flow from source organs to sink organs ( Salerno and Curatti, 2003

-associated composition likely differs depending upon relative proximity to sinks (e.g., shoots) and sources (e.g., roots). Nickel deficiency quantitatively alters xylem sap ureido-N composition in a manner similar to that observed in actively growing Ni-deficient pecan

. Also, competition among fruit is thought to be proportional to sink size, which in turn is related to fruit and seed mass, but not to fruit number ( Farinelli et al., 2002b ; Rosati et al., 2010 ). In many fruit growth models such as the “Peach” model

, enhance the partition of accumulates from source and sink, and reduce vegetative growth and improve yield of the field crops ( Zhang et al., 2009 ). However, effect of PGRs on yield and plant development varied from species to species ( Rademacher, 2015

plants and many other herbaceous species to increase branching and abscise sink tissues. Ethephon is lipophilic and, on entering the relatively more basic apoplastic environment, undergoes a degradation reaction releasing ethylene, Cl – , and H 2 PO 4

. parodii Steere [= P. axillaris subsp. parodii (Steere) Cabrera ] with white flowers have also been proposed as a likely parent of garden petunias ( Sink, 1975 ). Thus, it was a common idea that the garden petunias have been bred through cross

drying–wetting conditions that occur in irrigated agricultural fields of semiarid regions. N 2 O emissions are reliant on both moisture content and soil NO 3 − ; when available NO 3 − is not a limiting factor, the relationship between moisture content