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antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, peroxidase (POD), CAT, APX, and nonenzymatic antioxidants like AsA and reduced glutathione (GSH) ( Fariduddin et al., 2014 ; Wu et al., 2014 ). Activities and contents of these antioxidants were changed to detoxify

peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), and an ascorbate–glutathione cycle that includes glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2). Several small antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and

damaging effect of ROS is prevented through the scavenging activity of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.12.1.1) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD, EC 1.11.1.7) ( Sundar et al., 2004 ). ROS scavenging capacity can be enhanced by hormones such

m . Fig. 5. Effects of nitric oxide (NO) pretreatment on the activities of ( A ) superoxide dismutase (SOD), ( B ) catalase (CAT), ( C ) peroxidase (POD), and ( D ) ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in anthurium under chilling stress. Anthurium plants used

supernatant was used for the analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). SOD activity was determined following the method described by Giannopolitis and Ries (1977) . Reaction mixture (3 mL) was mixed with 50 m m phosphate

-AMF-inoculated plants; AMF = Glomus sp. R10. Bars represent se s (n = 10). *Significant difference between non-AMF and AMF plants ( t test, P ≤ 0.05). Fig. 2. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical

the exogenous Put treatment by day 8. Fig. 2. Antioxidant enzyme activity under exogenous putrescine application and different salinity stress ( P < 0.05). SOD = superoxide dismutase; POD = peroxidase. Effects of exogenous Put on antioxidant enzyme

., 2009 ). An oxidative stress response has been related to the appearance of the CI symptoms, suggesting that the antioxidant system, including superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidases, catalases (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR), confers protection

antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and enzymes involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle (Halliwell-Asada cycle) ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR

concentrations improved the APX activity of stressed-exposed plants on days 21 and 63 so that the final APX activity of grass treated with 0.5 kg·ha −1 of TE was 30% higher than their nontreated counterparts ( Fig. 3 ). Fig. 3. Ascorbate peroxidase activities