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evaporative cooling from the leaf surface ( Hartmann et al., 2011 ). However, OM has potential drawbacks, including the use of large volumes of water, potentially unsanitary conditions created by persistent water films on leaves ( Preece, 2003 ), the potential

death ( Griffin et al., 2010 ; Montague and Fox, 2008 ; Shober et al., 2010 ). Total leaf area largely determines irrigation volume for trees transplanted BR and BB, and irrigation frequency depends on evaporative “pull” on water from the truncated

several investigations into the ET modeling focused on leafy greens or short plants in greenhouse. Floating seedling water evaporation in greenhouse was investigated using an ET model based on the Penman formula under artificial lighting conditions ( Zeng

ambient temperature (cooling) during summer, increase relative humidity, reduce infrared, and diffuse radiation ( Kumar and Kaushik, 2005 ; Simmons et al., 2008 ). Further advantages resulting from green roof implementation include oxygen production by

were dipped for 10 min at 20 °C. After drying at 20 °C for 2 h, bulbs were planted (one bulb per 10-cm diameter pot) in Lambert LM-111 planting mix (Lambert Peat Moss, Inc., Riviere-Ouelle, Quebec, Canada). Pots were cooled an additional 13 weeks

irrigation (evaporative cooling) to reduce fruit temperature also significantly improved fruit color and reduced sunburn in warmer areas of eastern Washington state and northeastern Spain with ‘Delicious’ and ‘Gala’ apples ( Evans, 1993 ; Iglesias et al

materials as tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, and warm or cool season turf. Other landscape materials were classified as mulch (gravel, shredded wood, and sand), hard surface (concrete, asphalt, and flagstone), shade structure (house extension, arbor, and

; Pessarakli, 2007 ; Qian and Fry, 1997 ). It is generally known that warm-season turfgrass species have better drought tolerance than cool-season species ( Fry and Huang, 2004 ; Pessarakli, 2007 ; Turgeon, 2011 ). For example, warm-season species, such as

Turf-type tall fescue is a popular cool-season turfgrass grown throughout much of the United States. Improved turf-type tall fescue cultivars have been developed to provide desirable traits over older tall fescue cultivars such as ‘Kentucky 31

replications. The experiment was blocked against a temperature gradient imposed from the presence of a wet wall evaporative cooling system at one end of the greenhouse. Herbicides were applied with a carbon dioxide backpack sprayer equipped with XR8004VS nozzle