Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (LN) is relatively routine for many small, desiccation-tolerant (orthodox) seeds. Seeds of Pyrus species are considered orthodox but have not been evaluated for LN storage. Seeds of freshly collected P. communis L. (`Bosc') were evaluated for germinability and by TZ staining after exposure to four LN treatments: 1) direct immersion and direct removal; 2) direct immersion and 1 minute in LN vapor phase before removal; 3) 2 minutes in vapor phase before immersion and direct removal; and 4) 2 minutes in vapor phase before immersion and 1 minute in vapor phase before removal. Fresh `Bosc' seed viability evaluated by TZ and greenhouse germination tests remained high (83% to 100%) following four types of LN treatments, compared to the controls (77% to 87%). Differences in `Bosc' seed viability were small and TZ results showed no significant differences among the LN treatments. Direct LN immersion and removal resulted in significantly more greenhouse-germinated `Bosc' seeds than the other treatments and fewer control seeds germinated than any LN treated seeds. Fresh `Bosc' seed cryopreserved at 7.9% moisture exhibited high germinability by both TZ and germination tests. LN exposure caused no physical damage to the seeds. Chemical name used: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TZ).
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Barbara M. Reed, Sara Schwanke, and Rebecca Shala
Jane Kahia, Margaret Kirika, Hudson Lubabali, and Sinclair Mantell
importantly it offers potential environmentally friendly approach to the long-term control of coffee diseases and in production of organically grown coffee. The propagation of Ruiru 11 is by F 1 hybrid seed, production through hand artificial cross
J.E. Brown, R.P Yates, C. Stevens, and V.A. Khan
Effects of planting methods and rowcover on the production of yellow crookneck squash, Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopepo Alef., were evaluated over 2 years at the E.V. Smith Research Center, Shorter, Ala. Summer squash was direct-seeded or transplanted in the field with or without black plastic mulch and grown with or without rowcover. Yield of transplanted squash was significantly increased over the same squash direct-seeded. Neither plastic mulch nor rowcover had an effect on summer squash production. Transplants matured 8 to 10 days earlier than the direct-seeded plants.
Griffin M. Bates, Sarah K. McNulty, Nikita D. Amstutz, Victor K. Pool, and Katrina Cornish
our study, is expensive, and commercially viable rubber dandelion will need to be direct-seeded. However, direct seeding would shorten the growing period by about 2 months (because the transplants are grown in greenhouses before the planting season
Marianne Andresen and Nina Cedergreen
ability to combat pests or of a direct action on the physiology of the treated plant, or both, is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the growth-regulating potential of water extracts of TSP, one of the ingredients used in
Natalie R. Bumgarner, Mark A. Bennett, Peter P. Ling, Robert W. Mullen, and Matthew D. Kleinhenz
temperature differentials during some seasons ( Both et al., 2007 ; Knewtson et al., 2010 ). If true, stand establishment of direct-seeded lettuce could be promoted in high-tunnel systems during periods when low external temperatures would suppress it
Wayne C. Porter and Richard L. Parish
criticism of similar ones not named. Hybrid `Headstart' seed for this study was provided by the Asgrow Seed Co. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be
Garry G. Gordon, Wheeler G. Foshee III, Stewart T. Reed, James E. Brown, and Edgar L. Vinson III
represented a different block. Okra was direct-seeded into the field on 8 May 2003 and 28 Apr. 2004. A soil pH of 7.0 was recorded in Year 2003 and 6.2 in 2004. Treatments consisted of five mulch colors: black (BPM), white (WPM), red (RPM), silver (SPM) (all
Joshua H. Freeman, Stephen M. Olson, and William M. Stall
( Cyperus esculentus ) with direct-seeded and transplanted watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) Weed Tech. 17 751 754 Duthie, J.A. Roberts, B.W. Edelson, J.V. Shrefler, J.W. 1999a Plant density
Huan Xiong, He Sun, Feng Zou, Xiaoming Fan, Genhua Niu, and Deyi Yuan
; San-José et al., 2001 ). However, to date, there has been no efficient system for the micropropagation of chinquapin by using axillary shoots and cotyledonary nodes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a direct organogenesis