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in the aisles. Plants were drip irrigated, but overhead sprinklers were used for evaporative cooling when temperatures exceeded 29 °C. Blueberry rows were also spaced 3.0 m apart with perennial grass between the rows. At location 1, blueberry plants

film on fruit that will withstand rain and overhead evaporative cooling”; d. “… creates a transparent film on the fruit that allows excellent color development”; e. “… is less expensive than existing technologies such as shade cloths, overhead

water and subsequent reduction of solar injury (SI). Overhead irrigation systems are used in apple orchards to provide evaporative cooling while reducing plant stress and SI on apple fruit ( Parchomchuk and Meheriuk, 1996 ; Recasens et al., 1988

season. Commercial apple growers use overhead evaporative cooling, reflective particle film, and sunscreen wax sprays to minimize heat stress in orchards, but these practices have limitations. Water is not always available for evaporative cooling ( Evans

irrigation (evaporative cooling) to reduce fruit temperature also significantly improved fruit color and reduced sunburn in warmer areas of eastern Washington state and northeastern Spain with ‘Delicious’ and ‘Gala’ apples ( Evans, 1993 ; Iglesias et al

evaporative cooling, increasing leaf temperature, and decreasing photosynthesis and growth ( Fry and Huang, 2004 ). Stomatal closure with increased vapor pressure deficit of ambient air (VPD) is common in many plants to moderate transpiration under high

, M.E. Berkett, L.P. Bradshaw, T. 2003 Does Surround have non-target impacts on New England orchards? In: Bramlage, W. (ed.). Proc. New England Fruit Meetings 2002–2003. 108–109:35–39 Gindaba, J. Wand, S.J.E. 2005 Comparative effects of evaporative

apples could not be protected from sunburn by up to four topical applications of this particular whitening agent alone. Some Washington apple growers were using overhead evaporative cooling, shadecloth, or bagging of individual apples to reduce sunburn in

evaporative cooling from the leaf surface ( Hartmann et al., 2011 ). However, overhead mist has potential drawbacks, including the use of large volumes of water, potentially unsanitary conditions created by persistent water films on leaves ( Preece, 2003

acid (Ulrich Chemical, Indianapolis, IN) at 0.08 mL·L −1 to reduce alkalinity to 100 mg·L −1 and pH to a range of 5.7 to 6.0. Plants were grown in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse with exhaust fan and evaporative cooling pad and radiant hot water