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Most fruit crops grown in northern climates are threatened by frost. Freeze damage represents largest weather related economic loss when compared with all other weather hazards ( Snyder, 2000 ). The importance of frost protection is economically

dismutases Plant Physiol. 101 7 12 Schreiber, U. Armond, P.A. 1978 Heat-induced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in isolated chloroplasts and related heat-damage at the pigment level Biochim. Biophys. Acta 502 138 151 Sharkey, T.D. Badger, M.R. von

Mol. Cell 14 95 104 Vicente, A.R. Martínez, G.A. Chaves, A.R. Civello, P.M. 2006 Effect of heat treatment on strawberry fruit damage and oxidative metabolism during storage Postharvest Biol. Technol. 40 116 122 Wang, B. Wang, J. Feng, X. Lin, L. Zhao

the fruit's thermal damage threshold. In the studies mentioned, the peel of oranges insulated the fruit from heat and avoided damage to the juice, apples ( Malus domestica ) had poor heat conductivity and treatment did not increase their internal

( Zheng et al., 2007a ) from a commercial orchard in Panzhihua, China, in July 2012. Harvested fruit with uniform shape and color and without mechanical damage were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was dipped in 5 m m OA solution

generally thought to be the gentlest means of heat treatment with regard to its effect on fruit quality ( McGuire, 1991 ). Favorable results were reported regarding the effect of HTFA on citrus quality ( McGuire, 1991 ; Miller and McDonald, 1997 ; Sharp

). The risks related to the lack of knowledge for the heat requirements of walnut cultivars is less than the chilling requirement, but the knowledge will provide us with more possibilities for the management of this crop so that cultivars with low

application of GABA has been found to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as chilling tolerance in peach fruit [ Amygdalus persica ( Shang et al., 2011 )], heat tolerance in rice seedlings [ Oryza sativa ( Nayyar et al., 2014 )], and drought

( Felicetti, 2003 ). The visible symptoms of sunscald in citrus fruit are irregular yellow or brown blotches on the peel ( Myhob et al., 1996 ), although there is a report that granulation may also be caused by severe heat injury sunscald ( Chikaizumi, 2000

protection against heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. because the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr-1 showed increased susceptibility to heat. These studies indicate the complex interaction of hormones and stress tolerance