The objective of this study was to determine if fertilization and irrigation practices in the nursery affect plant growth and stress resistance following outplanting in the landscape. Flowering crabapple (Malus) `Sutyzam', grown in containers under factorial combinations of two irrigations schedules (containers irrigated at 25% or 50% container capacity) and three rates of fertilization (N at 50, 200, 350 mg·L–1) in a nursery in 1997 were outplanted in a low maintenance landscape in 1998. Trees from the high fertility regime grew faster in the landscape the year of transplant. Tree growth in the landscape was positively correlated with N concentration in plants in the nursery and negatively correlated with concentrations of phenolics in the foliage in the landscape. However, the trees showing the greatest amount of diameter growth had the lowest concentrations of foliar phenolics. Trees with low concentrations of phenolics also exhibited a greater potential for herbivory by larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar, gypsy moth, and white-marked tussock moth. Additionally, trees exhibiting rapid growth in the landscape also had reduced photosynthesis during summer drought compared to slower growing trees, suggesting a reduced drought tolerance in the landscape. Differences in growth and stress resistance did not carry beyond the year of transplant. Our results illustrate that irrigation and fertilization methods in the nursery can influence growth post transplant, however fertilization also appears to have a significant impact on stress resistance traits of the trees. These impacts from the nursery production methods had no effect after plants had acclimated to the conditions in the landscape during the year following transplant.
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John E. Lloyd, Daniel A. Herms, Mary Ann Rose, and Jennifer Van Wagoner
Andrew G. Ristvey, John D. Lea-Cox, and David S. Ross
treatment ( Table 1 ). In general, total and shoot dry weights were not significantly increased above moderate N and P (100N:5P) fertilization rates and root dry weights were not increased significantly above background P rates (essentially less than 3 mg
Timothy K. Broschat
requires high N fertilization rates to compensate for N tie-up by microbes degrading this material ( Ogden et al., 1987 ). Thus, fertilizers used in container production of palms and other ornamental plants contain large amounts of N relative to phosphorus
Jong-Goo Kang, Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi, Sue K. Dove, Geoffrey M. Weaver, and Marc W. van Iersel
·L −1 ABA and 0.1 mg·L −1 surfactant. This concentration was chosen because previous studies indicated that this is an effective rate to induce chlorosis in pansy ( Weaver and van Iersel, 2014 ). Half of the plants of each fertilization rate were
Adam D. Karl, Michael G. Brown, Sihui Ma, Ann Sandbrook, Amanda C. Stewart, Lailiang Cheng, Anna Katharine Mansfield, and Gregory M. Peck
impact fruit quality and flower bud cold hardiness negatively ( Raese et al., 2007 ). Moderate nitrogen fertilization rates, with target total leaf nitrogen content between 2.2% and 2.4%, are therefore recommended for hard-fleshed and processing apple
M. Lamarre and M.J. Lareau
From June to Sept. 1993, the day-neutral strawberry cultivar Tribute was subjected to two N fertilization rates (50 and 100 kg/ha), four K fertilization rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha), and three Mg fertilization rates (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) through trickle irrigation. The N and K treatments had no significant influence on yield and fruit size. The Mg treatments increased fruit size and did not affect yield.
Timothy L. Righetti, David R. Sandrock, Bernadine Strik, Carmo Vasconcelos, Yerko Moreno, Samuel Ortega-Farias, and Pilar Bañados
both the 0 N and 200 N rates are shown in Figure 3A . Slopes were different for the functions for different nitrogen fertilization rates ( P = 0.0157), suggesting that statistical differences for N concentration between N treatments ( Table 1 ) are
Giuseppe Colla, Carolina María Cardona Suárez, Mariateresa Cardarelli, and Youssef Rouphael
fertilization rate and grafting combination ( P < 0.01) with no N × grafting interaction, whereas the percentage of groundcover at 55 and 70 d after transplanting was only affected ( P < 0.001) by the N fertilization rate (data not shown). Increasing the N
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov, Charles L. Cantrell, M. Wayne Ebelhar, Dennis E. Rowe, and Christine Coker
, S fertilization, N fertilization, and by their interactions with class variables location and replication. When response variables were affected by fertilization, polynomial regression parameters for S fertilization and N fertilization rates were
Amy L. Shober, Andrew K. Koeser, Drew C. McLean, Gitta Hasing, and Kimberly K. Moore
end of the study. An annual N fertilization rate of 98 kg·ha −1 was not sufficient to maintain visual quality at an acceptable level; unfertilized controls were chlorotic with sparse canopies and significant dieback. At the 98 kg·ha −1 rate, the