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development will be poor ( Campbell and Sugano, 1975 ). On the other hand, in the case of low chilling requirements (e.g., early-flowering cultivars growing in cold-winter areas), blooming happens too early and freezes can reduce yield ( Bartolini et al., 2006

adapted to the low-chill (<400 h below 7 °C) to mid-chill (400–800 h below 7 °C) regions of the southeastern United States. Most of the breeding has been aimed at commercial cultivars; however, homeowners also like having adapted cultivars, but they often

germplasm improvement of low-chill, fresh-market, and processing cultivars, as well as of rootstocks. This book is the first that includes information on modern techniques used in genetic mapping and marker-assisted breeding of peach. There is an excellent

has been excellent, even after mild winters. This is important because many southern highbush blueberries grown in the low-chill areas of the southeastern United States have poor leaf development ( Lyrene and Williamson, 1997 ; Williamson et al., 2001

fruits was practically nil and only 930 tons of canned fruits were exported ( IBRAF–Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas, 2012 ). The expansion of peach culture to humid subtropical regions has been possible as a result of selection and release of low-chill

desirable flavor and as a result of its excellent berry firmness that lends to it being machine harvestable. ‘Palmetto’ ( NeSmith et al., 2004 ) has a low chilling requirement and good berry flavor and firmness; however, it can overcrop and produce small

a widely used method of active frost protection among growers of low-chill, early season blueberries in Georgia and Florida. A grower survey summarized by Conlan et al. (p. 660) found that growers in both states ranked air temperature, dew point

Actinidia genus. It has been reported that Actinidia rufa displayed a low-chill trait (200 h) followed by A. chinensis (400–600 h), and A. deliciosa cultivars showed the highest chilling requirements (600–800 h) ( Kulthinee et al., 2004 ). In addition

chilling can result in delayed budbreak, uneven budbreak, reduced shoots and cluster development, change in fruit ripening, and an overall decrease in vine productivity ( Dokoozlian, 1999 ; Londo and Johnson, 2014 ). Low-chill cultivars planted in cold

with low chilling requirements growing in cold winter areas, the blooming happens too early because the chilling requirement is quickly satisfied ( Scorza and Okie, 1990 ). Furthermore, studies concerning chilling and heat requirements are thus of