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plants spread by rhizomes. Closer spacing of transplants is cost-prohibitive for larger plantings, and wider spacing exacerbates weed competition for 1 year or more. Weed control is essential in weedy sites for 1 year to reduce the weed seed bank
led the way in large-scale production of juneberry. Juneberry orchards have been established in Saskatchewan since the 1980s and, slightly later, in Manitoba. There are limited weed control options in juneberry orchards. Herbicides are not registered
expensive and technically challenging practice for organic grape production ( Dufour, 2006 ; Guthman, 2000 ), and many organic farmers rely on mechanical and hand cultivation for weed control. Although these methods are highly effective, they are also labor
preemergence (PRE) herbicides for summer annual weed control can compromise establishment of overseeded cool-season turfgrass species in the fall. Yelverton and McCarty (2001) reported that prodiamine reduced perennial ryegrass establishment when applied at
). Chemical weed control is essential to obtain the highest possible pumpkin yields in NT production systems, and tank mixtures of various herbicides are generally necessary to maximize weed control ( Brown and Masiunas, 2002 ; Kammler et al., 2008
Producers growing squash for markets who desire the use of more naturally occurring herbicides need alternatives that effectively provide season-long weed control. Although corn gluten meal has shown promise as an early-season preemergent herbicide
management in citrus groves greatly varies depending on the type of crop, producer, location, and availability of resources. Citrus growers use a combination of mechanical, chemical, and cultural methods to control weeds. Among various methods of weed control
Weed management in organic production systems is an integration of cultural, mechanical, and chemical weed control components uniquely tailored for each location and crop. Chemical weed control in certified organic cropping systems allows for use of
control in hazelnut is normally achieved with two glyphosate applications, one in early spring and the other before harvest to facilitate the collection of nuts from the ground. However, alternative weed control strategies are needed for integrated weed
, has been widely used under polyethylene mulch for effective weed control in vegetable production, including bell pepper ( Duniway, 2002 ). However, because of its ozone-depleting potential, methyl bromide is being phased out from the U.S. agricultural