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Respiration, C2H4 production, lipid composition, and electrolyte leakage were monitored during ripening of two nonnetted muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) varieties differing in their storage life: `Clipper' (a long-storage-life variety) and `Jerac', which was used as a control. Respiration rates were comparable in both varieties. Although `Jerac' exhibited normal climacteric C2H4 production, `Clipper' continued to produce significant amounts of C2H4 until senescence. Electrolyte leakage increased with ripening and was always higher in `Jerac'. The loss of membrane integrity seems to be related to changes in the lipid composition due to a breakdown of phospholipids, an increase of sterol synthesis, and an increase in fatty acid saturation. On the contrary, in `Clipper', the absence of a major change in sterol and phospholipids content and the high level of fatty acid unsaturation suggest that membrane permeability is not greatly affected during ripening. This is consistent with the low loss of solutes measured and may delay senescence in `Clipper' fruit.
the lipid bilayer shifts from a liquid crystalline state to gel crystalline state ( Raison and Orr, 1990 ). This solidification of membrane lipids at low temperature is followed by contraction and the formation of cracks ( Lyons and Raison, 1970
histochemical changes associated with the various developmental stages of anthers were investigated, with a focus on changes of polysaccharides and lipids, which are nutritional materials. Study on the synthesis and distribution of nutritional constituents in
differ with plant species. One characteristic of anther development is the accumulation of nutrients, generally polysaccharides or neutral lipids, in the pollen pool to fuel the subsequent pollen ontogeny, germination on the stigma surface, and growth of
Abbreviations: ASG, acylated steryl glycoside; DGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol; FS, free sterols; GL, galactolipids; GlyL, glycolipid; MGDG, monoga-lactosyldiacylglycerol; NL, neutral lipid; PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE
, and bleeding or bladderiness. CI has been proposed to be an oxidative phenomenon linked to the production of ROS causing lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and overall reduced capacity of antioxidant systems ( Hodges et al., 2004 ; Singh and Singh
The glycolipids, phospholipids, and sterols were determined in normal and watercore-affected apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Delicious). Fruit with watercore contained higher amounts of glycolipids, phospholipids, and sterols. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and (18:3) to (18:1 + 18:2) were lower in watercore-affected tissue than in normal tissue. The ratio of free sterols to phospholipids was higher, whereas the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine was lower in watercore-affected apple. Membrane lipids were altered in watercore-affected fruit.
Abstract
The study evaluated the roles of storage carbohydrates and neutral lipids in the success of Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens Englemann ‘Hoopsi’) grafts. These scions do not require photosynthesis nor receive photosynthates from the rootstock during union development. Carbohydrate and neutral lipid contents, along with respiration and scion water relations, were measured during union development. Stored carbon compounds were sufficient to supply the needs of the scion during the 9 weeks of union development. Estimates of carbohydrate use indicated that decreases in sugar content (bark and needle) were insufficient to account for more than 25% of the estimated respiration. The results indicate that the quantity of carbon storage compounds is not a factor in graft success. We propose that neutral lipids may be the major carbon reserve of the scion during graft formation.
, chlorophyll content, RWSC content, soluble protein content, and increased root electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and decreased or increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in shoots and roots of kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis ), perennial
The unextracted and reduced lipid (supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of 22% and 27% (w/w) of total lipids) pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] kernels packaged in 21% O2, 79% N2 were analyzed for color, hexanal, sensory, fresh weight, and lipid class changes periodically during 37 weeks of storage at 25 °C and 55% relative humidity. Pecan nutmeats were lightened by partial lipid extraction. The pecan testa darkened (decreasing chromameter L*) with storage time. Most color changes occurred in the first 18 weeks. Hexanal concentration of reduced-lipid pecans was negligible throughout storage, while unextracted pecans reached excessive levels by week 22 of storage. Hexanal concentration, indicative of rancidity, was in agreement with sensory analysis results with the hexanal threshold level for objectionable rancidity ranging from 7 to 11 mg·kg-1 pecans. Weight change was negligible during storage, except in 27% reduced-lipid pecans. Free fatty acids increased with storage and were significantly higher in unextracted pecans than the reduced-lipid pecans at 0, 10, 18, 32, and 37 weeks of storage. Shelf life of pecans with partial lipid extraction was longer than unextracted pecans. In addition to decreasing the total amount of lipid available for oxidation, the free fatty acid lipid component that correlated with the development of rancidity was reduced by extraction.