selection. Plant height and rhizome spread are useful characteristics because a low-growing, aggressive spreading cultivar should be able to tolerate lower heights of cut, recover quickly, and fill in damaged areas ( Meyer and Funk, 1989 ). Leaf texture
calculated according to Echeverria et al. (2013) . Stem height, leaf length, and number of leaves were measured at three times: 60 d after sowing, 90 d after sowing (onset of stress), and after 6 d of water withholding, when plants were harvested. In
and at control (CO 2 ) [ambient (CO 2 ), 380 ± 40 μmol·mol −1 CO 2 ]. Samples were collected at the time of the transfer to the climate chamber and every 4 d of treatment up to 18 d. The plant height, number of leaves, and gas exchange parameters were
randomized design. Data were collected at 0, 2, and 4 weeks after the drench application and at termination of the study (determined by plant flowering). Data collected included plant height, average plant width (average of width measured at the widest point
collection. Data were collected on bud/flower diameter (potted plants only), days to flower (potted plants only), plant height and canopy diameter at the end of production, leaf color at the end of simulated shipping, days to first and second wilt during
plant architecture to explain the architectural variability observed and to combine correlated variables into one ( Crespel et al., 2013 ). They were plant height (measured in centimeters), the number of primary shoots (initial complete shoots that
precipitation were 32.9 ± 0.3 / 21.7 ± 0.3 °C and 3.5 ± 1.0 mm, respectively (Office of the Texas State Climatologist) during this growth period. Plant growth parameters. Height, diameter, and shoot, root, and total plant DM measurements were recorded
, root biomass, and total biomass were measured. Growth parameters for pepper and cucumber plants included plant height, root weight, leaf area, and chlorophyl content. Statistical analysis Experimental data generated in these studies were
radiation of the container sidewall, which is the main source of heat buildup in nursery containers ( Ingram et al., 2015 ). Montague et al. (1992) reported that flowering dogwood had greater growth (plant height and stem diameter) when grown under black
of 103 ± 43 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 at plant height [as measured with a quantum sensor (Field Scout Quantum Light Meter; Spectrum Technologies, Aurora, IL)] to create a 16-h photoperiod (0600 to 2200 hr ). Plants were irrigated as necessary, alternating