( White et al., 1983 ), possibly as a result of delayed leaf senescence at higher rates of fertilizer application and, as a result, delayed infection of the foliage by A. dauci ( Vintal et al., 1999 ). Studies examining the ALB/CLS complex showed that
applied at the high application rate would provide the most effective common dandelion control. Our work presents the opportunity to identify a new method of organic broadleaf weed (specifically common dandelion) control. Materials and methods Field
two or three applications of mesotrione at 0.28 or 0.42 kg·ha −1 a.i. beginning in early June provided inconsistent levels (13%–92%) of CBG control. The 0.42 kg·ha −1 a.i. rate applied three times, however, provided 92% to 100% CBG control in both
, respectively ( Fig. 1 ). Four rates of Regalia ® were applied based on the recommended label rate of 0.48 g·L −1 of active ingredient: 0.0× (water only), 0.5× (5 mL·L −1 ), 1.0× (10 mL·L −1 ), or 1.5× (15 mL·L −1 ). Foliar applications of Regalia ® were made
. However, metsulfuron and trifloxysulfuron treatments exhibited 54% or less khakiweed control 2 WAIT regardless of rate. Injury symptoms after application of metsulfuron and trifloxysulfuron have been reported to take greater than 1 to 2 weeks to appear
Brazil is high with an average K application rate of 189 kg·ha −1 reported by Bernardi et al. (2002) and 166 kg·ha −1 reported by IBGE (2017) but varies considerably: 199–374 kg K/ha, 64–250 kg N/ha, and 196–371 kg P/ha ( Schepers et al., 2015
–6.6P–12.5K the day of seeding and again 2 weeks after seeding. An additional fertilizer application using the same rate and product was applied in mid-September of both years. Irrigation was not applied after fertilizer applications. Once established
; MacKenzie, 1981 ; Soltanpour and Harrison, 1974 ; Vintal et al., 1999 ; White et al., 1983 ). For instance, on carrot, ALB severity was reduced by increasing N application rate in Michigan ( Warncke, 1996 ), Ontario ( Westerveld et al., 2002 ), and Israel
stands of PRG. Bispyribac-sodium has shown promise, but efficacy depends on temperature, rate, and application timing for acceptable ABG control with minimal PRG injury ( McCullough and Hart, 2009 ). Williams et al. (2009) reported minimal PRG toxicity
identified in 2011 from a golf course fairway in Missouri ( Binkholder et al., 2011 ). After more than 10 years of glyphosate applications in dormant ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass at rates up to 0.62 kg·ha −1 , a biotype of annual bluegrass survived glyphosate at 6