production for its reported growth enhancement, disease suppression, and general stress reduction properties (H. Hoitink, personal communication). In a study comparing substrates with 0%, 10%, and 20% Comtil in 1-gal containers, increasing the amount of
network known as mycelium in the soil. This mycelial network absorbs nutrients and water necessary for plant growth. AMF facilitates root growth, enhances photosynthesis, and improves water and nutrient uptake, especially under stressful conditions ( Al
parallel to our findings, a previous study by Tombuloglu et al. (2019) reported that Fe 3 O 4 NPs (0–13 nm in size) promoted the growth enhancement of barley, attributable to the increased level of pigmentation and the photosynthetic gene expressions
. Shiratani, M. Hayashi, N. 2014 Growth enhancement effects of radish sprouts: Atmospheric pressure plasma irradiation vs. heat shock. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 518(1):012017. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/518/1/012017 10