storability during cold storage ( Thiault, 1971 ). Some years fruits showed the physiological disorder “bitter pit,” but this problem was resolved by calcium sprays ( Syrgianidis, 2004 ). The fruit maintains firmness, juiciness, and flavor very well in
+ deficiency disorders such as bitter pit in apple and BER in peppers, tomatoes, and watermelons ( Gilliham et al., 2011 ; White and Broadley, 2003 ). Initiation of BER often occurs in the distal portion of the fruit as water-soaked spots that eventually
; Errampalli et al., 2012 ). Similarly, 1-MCP can inhibit physiological disorders such as superficial scald, senescent breakdown, and bitter pit while exacerbating others such as carbon dioxide injury, leather blotch, and diffuse skin browning ( DeEll et al
than 3 °C ( Moran et al., 2010 ; Watkins et al., 2004 ). Conditioning has little effect on quality factors such as flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), and soluble solids concentrations (SSC), although bitter pit incidence and skin greasiness may
risk at low pO 2 is unknown—as is how higher temp/longer duration conditioning would influence the low pO 2 impacts on fruit quality, particularly SSC, TA, and peel color. Longer conditioning duration can enhance lenticel breakdown, bitter pit
rootstock over a period of 3 years (from the fifth until the seventh year of the trees). During storage, fruits of ‘Achilles’, like its parent ‘Firiki’, do not show symptoms of the physiological disorder “bitter pit” or “external browning.” The only
not show the postharvest physiological disorders ( Watkins, 2003 ) “external browning” or “water core,” but some years, fruits showed “bitter pit.” However, this problem was resolved by calcium sprays. Fig. 1. Fruits of the apple cultivar Eris. Table 1
intensity of fruit red color, although we took a note of the color intensity and pattern. At harvest, each individual fruit was gently wiped with a damp cloth and the percentage of fruit with visible russet, minor cracks, bitter pit, and sunburn on the fruit
-fruit sample from each tree was rated for visual defects, including sunburn, bitter pit, and splitting. Fruit russet incidence and severity was recorded in categories of stem bowl, fruit shoulder, smooth solid, and net type on fruit flanks. Fruit
concluded that insufficient Ca or an imbalance of Ca with other nutrients (P, Mg, K, etc.) can cause bitter pit disorder in apple [ Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] ( de Freitas et al., 2015 ; Ferguson and Watkins, 1989