, 1980 ; Nau, 1989 ; Vasudevan et al., 2008 ). Effects of pinching in terms of significant reduction in plant height, delayed flowering, and increased number of flowering stems have been reported in many commercial flower crops ( Debra and Lewis, 1986
et al., 1976 ; Zimmerman, 1977 ) and, more recently, olive ( De la Rosa et al., 2006 ; Pritsa et al., 2003 ; Rallo et al., 2008 ). In this latter species, early elimination of plants with a long juvenile period is based on plant height measured
during greenhouse or nursery production, hence suppressing plant height is necessary. Controlling the height of ornamental grasses has multiple benefits, including avoiding container lodging, maintaining height proportional to the container to improve
flowering is reduced. Pruning them to half-height still encourages new growth but allows the development of a larger plant. To date, however, there are no similar published reports or recommendations on pruning strategies for meadowsweet or steeplebush
on yield, but also concerns quantitative information about major processes involved in plant height and width, and leaf area changes, among others ( Ramnarain et al., 2018 ; Zheng et al., 2018 ). These morphological parameters are important for
plug producer (Wagner Greenhouses, Minneapolis, MN). Seedlings were individually planted in 1801-cell packs [3.11 inches length and width, 2.25 inches height, 17.7 inch 3 volume (STI-1801; T.O. Plastics, Clearwater, MN)] filled with a commercial
photoperiod (0600–2200 hr ) consisting of natural daylengths with supplemental lighting. High-pressure sodium lamps delivered a supplemental photosynthetic photon flux ( PPF ) of 100 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 at plant height [as measured with a quantum sensor (LI
in 2005 ( Environment Canada, 2006b ). Water table depth measured in one well throughout the summer of 2002 remained below 50 cm from July to September. Expt. 1: Fertilizer rates. Seedlings (tray of 45 plants or 110 cm 3 , height unrecorded
Easter lilies are an important flowering potted crop in the United States with a wholesale value over $26.8 million for the 15 largest-producing states in 2010 ( U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2011 ). Plant height can reach up to 1 m and must be
until harvest. Onion seedlings in each cone-tainer were thinned to two seedlings 3 weeks after planting. Plant height (cm), root length (cm), and total dry biomass (g) were measured for the two seedlings in each inoculated and noninoculated cone