acid, 5 mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol, 0.5 mmol/L ascorbic acid, and 1% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone]. Activities of CHI and chalcone synthase (CHS) were determined using the CHI/CHS Kit (Wanxiang Hengyuan Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China). PAL activity was measured
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Yan Bai, Wen Chen, Shou-Zan Liu, Lin-Yu Xu, Zhe Li, and Bin Liu
Peter J. Mes, Peter Boches, James R. Myers, and Robert Durst
). Analysis of enzyme transcripts in tomatoes without Abg , Aft , or atv revealed that chalcone synthase ( chs ), chalcone isomerase ( chi ), and flavonols synthase ( fls ) are below detection levels in fruit pericarp, whereas in the peel, chs
Hongmei Ma, Margaret Pooler, and Robert Griesbach
biosynthesis genes. Six enzymes are generally involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway: chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and UDP
Ji Tian, Ke-ting Li, Shi-ya Zhang, Jie Zhang, Ting-ting Song, Yong-jun Zhu, and Yun-cong Yao
biosynthetic pathway have been well characterized. For example, the genes in encoding chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, uridine diphosphate glucose
Nobuyuki Fukuoka, Takamoto Suzuki, Keisuke Minamide, and Tatsuro Hamada
), 4-coumarate CoA ligase ( Gb4CL ), chalcone synthase ( GbCHS ), chalcone isomerase ( GbCHI ), flavonoid 3-hydroxylase ( GbF3′H ), flavanone 3-hydroxylase ( GbF3H ), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase ( GbDFR ), anthocyanidin synthase ( GbANS )] and flavonoid
Ittetsu Yamaga and Sakura Hamasaki
later. Moriguchi et al. (2001) indicated that expressions of flavonoid biosynthesis related genes: chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) in the flavedo of Citrus unshiu fruits were found in high levels
Yuji Yamada, Masayoshi Nakayama, Hiromitsu Shibata, Sanae Kishimoto, and Takashi Ikeda
)], chalcone synthase [ CHS (FJ705842)], chalcone isomerase [ CHI (FJ705843)], flavanone 3-hydroxylase [ F3H (FJ705844)], flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase [ F3′5′H (FJ705845)], dihydroflavonol 4-reductase [ DFR ; (FJ705846)], anthocyanidin synthase [ ANS ; (FJ
David A. Felicetti and Larry E. Schrader
323 327 Bruns, B. Hahlbrock, K. Schafer, E. 1986 Fluence dependence of the ultraviolet-light-induced accumulation of chalcone synthase mRNA and effects of blue and far-red light in cultured parsley cells
Young-Hwan Shin, Rui Yang, Yun-Long Shi, Xu-Min Li, Qiu-Yue Fu, Jian-Liang Lu, Jian-Hui Ye, Kai-Rong Wang, Shi-Cheng Ma, Xin-Qiang Zheng, and Yue-Rong Liang
expressions of genes involving in tea polyphenols biosynthesis in light-sensitive albino tea cultivars show different patterns from those in normal tea cultivars. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the entry enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis and it is a key enzyme in
John R. Stommel and Judith M. Dumm
synthase (CHS) is the first and key regulatory enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis. Chalcone is isomerized by chalcone isomerase to naringenin and flavanone 3-hydroxylase converts naringen into dihydrokaempferol. The dihydroflavonols are subsequently converted