alone ( Miller, 1998 ). However, GA 4+7 sprays for russet control did reduce the level of shoot growth control normally obtained with multiple P-Ca sprays. We recently reported that a single application of P-Ca at PF reduced the severity of another skin
-generation sequencing platforms with enzyme-based genome reduction ( Elshire et al., 2011 ; Morishige et al., 2013 ; Spindel et al., 2013 ). The goals of this research were to study phenotypes of root and shoot traits in an F 2 interspecific population ( S
bright red berries in the fall and winter ( Gilman, 1999 ), they are grown primarily for their form and foliage ( Berry, 1994 ). ‘Dwarf Burford’ holly can be propagated by stem cuttings at multiple times during the year. Newly matured or semimature wood
occur at random by a natural process such as transposon activity and problems with DNA repair ( Leroy and Leon, 2000 ; Wessler, 2001 ). A mutation in one cell of a layer of the shoot apical meristem increases by mitosis and produces a mutated sector
of the same species (intraspecific) or plants of two or more species (interspecific). A meta-analysis of multiple cropping studies found that intraspecific competition tends to be much stronger than interspecific competition. In some cases
newsletter, p. 8. Agricultural Information Offset Press, Fruit Garden Meghalaya, Shillong, India Vasudevan, A. Selvaraj, N. Sureshkumar, P. Ganapathi, A. 2001 Multiple shoot induction from shoot tip explant of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Cucurbit Genet
. Three-dimensional scatterplot showing the relationship between the number of pits per fruit after storage as influenced by fruit weight (FW) and distance (Dist.) from the shoot terminal to the fruiting spur. The multiple regression model is as follows
irrigated three times weekly with water. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters were measured and mineral content was analyzed. The seedling vigor index (SVI) was calculated as SVI = [shoot length (mm) + root length (mm)] × percentage germination
thought to maintain or improve ornamental and vegetable plant growth and quality and lower aerial heating costs ( Janes and McAvoy, 1983 ; Sachs et al., 1992 ; Shedlosky and White, 1987 ; Trudel and Gosselin, 1982 ). Relative to shoot-zone heating and
Abstract
Embryos extracted from developing apple fruit were cultured in vitro. Immature embryos (up to 4 weeks post anthesis), cultured without their testa and endosperm, produced only callus tissue. Six and a half-week-old embryos produced multiple shoots and the percentage of embryos producing shoots rather than callus tissue increased with time. Ten and a half-week-old embryos produced the highest number of shoots per embryo, after which a decrease in multiple shoot formation was observed with mature (14 weeks post anthesis) embryos producing 1 shoot and 1 root per embryo. Simultaneously, embryonic-axis free cotyledon cultures were established from embryos of various ages. Adventitious shoots developed from cotyledon explants, and the number of multiple shoots formed, increased with time (June-September). Cotyledons extracted periodically from mature fruit stored at 3°C continued to produce multiple shoots in culture, but this gradually decreased with time (15-120 days). After 6 months in cold storage, cotyledon explants failed to develop any shoots.