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continuation of that research, the objective of the present study was to evaluate pure SGFW and different SGFW-based substrates as alternatives to coir and vermiculite for seed germination and seedling growth of ‘Mrs. Burns’ lemon basil. Materials and methods

testing biochar or other forms of PCM in seed propagation or plant establishment substrates has focused on ecological or field agricultural applications, as opposed to soilless substrate culture in containers. Seed germination studies with potato ( Solanum

and suitable measures should be developed to enhance seed germination in saline soils and facilitate plant establishment. Seed priming is considered a critical and vital technique for enhancing stress tolerance through pretreatment with stimulating

Elballa, 1994 ; Corbineau et al., 1994 ; Nascimento and Pereira, 2007 ; Pereira et al., 2007 ; Vieira et al., 2005 ). However, high temperatures (35 to 40 °C) may also delay or inhibit carrot seed germination in the field and reduce uniformity and

the collected kapok fruit are the unsplit fruit. So far, the effects of storage on seed germination of light-brown seeds are not clear, and this is a disadvantage to the reforestation and restoration projects in the region. In the present study, the

and germination physiology have not yet been recorded. Seed germination is an intricate biochemical process involving a complex of morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in the embryo. Failure to germinate when environmental conditions

. Studies found a substantial reduction in buffalograss seed germination and seedling growth at 50 mM NaCl ( Reid et al., 1993 ; Wu and Lin, 1993 , 1994 ). Marcum (1999) and Marcum and Kopec (1997) assessed relative salt tolerance of eight species in

(time after harvest of berries not reported). The study also included a 28 °C day/13 °C night temperature treatment with a 14-h photoperiod resulting in 21% germination, but detailed information about the process of germination (i.e., how seeds germinate

Seed germination and initial seedling growth are two important phases in classical plant breeding programs based on crosses between existing cultivars such as in olive species ( Olea europaea L.). Olive seed germination is slow, long-lasting (even

carrot ( Rosenfeld, 2004 ). High temperature causes heat stress and is considered to be one of the major abiotic factors that limits carrot production because of its adverse effects on seed germination, seedling emergence, and plant growth ( Landjeva et