mustard seed meal (Gies Organic Products, Moses Lake, WA). This meal is a by-product of oil extraction from seeds. Application rates, methods, and dates for treatments in each of the four trials are listed in Table 1 . Table 1. Treatment list for
radish production system in southern China. According to Yuan et al. (2014) , the optimal N application rate recommended in radish-producing area was 120 kg N/ha, but rates of 200–300 kg N/ha are common in southern China. Excessive N fertilizer
. Application dates are presented in Table 1 . Herbicide rates were selected from label recommendations for bermudagrass and the simazine treatment was chosen based on the high label rate ( Dupont, 2004 ; Monsanto, 2008 ; Syngenta, 2008 ). A broadcast
Doohan conducted trials with clopyralid application rates ranging from 25 to 400 g·ha −1 applied as a postharvest spray in a perennial strawberry production system. Common groundsel ( Senecio vulgaris ) control of 82% was achieved when clopyralid was
impacts of ACT on examined tree growth. These studies have rarely compared ACT with water, which is known to be a major limiting factor for tree growth (e.g., Scharenbroch et al., 2011 ). Furthermore, no standards exist for application rates of ACT to
fertilization and irrigation strategies nurseries can follow to prevent environmental contamination. In addition to reducing the potential for N pollution, lower N applications may reduce the incidence of plant disease. Under some conditions, high N rates have
May 2016 and 25 Apr. 2017. For the nitrogen applications, different nitrogen rates, including 1) 90 kg·ha −1 N (control), 2) 120 kg·ha −1 N, 3) 150 kg·ha −1 N, and 4) 180 kg·ha −1 N, were applied as a special compound fertilizer for flue
fertilizer application was ended at FT-1 (1 Sept. 2005) than when it was applied for an additional 30 or 60 days (two leaves; Fig. 2 ). Plants had a similar number of leaves remaining at each of the N rates from 50 to 400 mg·L −1 regardless of N termination
salts produced more turf injury than calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), potassium chloride (KCl), urea/CaCl 2 (30%/70%), or NaCl/KCl (50%/50%) following applications of equal rates. After evaluating spring survival levels of 75 cool-season turfgrass cultivars
. Increasing N application rate influences plant growth ( Bi et al., 2007 ), leaf CO 2 assimilation ( Cheng and Xia, 2004 ), and uptake and allocation of other nutrients ( Scagel et al., 2008 , 2012 ). However, excessive N fertilizer application results in