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cotyledon explants showed the same time course of morphological and histological changes as previously described ( Ermel et al., 2000 ; Gutmann et al., 1996 ; Jay-Allemand et al., 1991 ). The distribution of IAA in the walnut cotyledon was revealed by

) under illumination (30–34 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) with 12-h photoperiod and a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. Histological study of somatic embryo development. The embryonic calli on m m S were fixed in FAA solution (formalin: acetic acid: 70% ethanol = 1:1:18 v

stained with toluidine blue O (for general histology), phloroglucinol:HCl (for lignified cell walls), I 2 KI (for starch), and Sudan IV (for cutinized and suberized cell walls) ( Ruzin, 1999 ). Anatomical images were captured with a digital camera on a

) Histological section (LS) of a primary androgenic (pe) embryo with two generations of secondary somatic embryos at different stages, originating from the tissue at cotyledon. Bar = 400 μm. ( F ) Histological section (LS) of primary androgenic embryo (pe

), comparative root anatomy was systematically examined across the Zingiberaceae, including Z. officinale ( Uma and Muthukumar, 2014 ), and the vascular pattern of the rhizome was characterized in a histological study focused on the rhizome Z. officinale

with six flowers; additional flowers were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The classification and staging of flowers were based on very specific macroscopic flower characteristics. Thus, within a stage, histological development was found

.J. Morgan, E.R. 2012 Temperature impacts changes in crown buds and flowering of gentian ‘Spotlight’ Sci. Hort. 143 49 55 Saravitz, C.H. Blazich, F.A. Amerson, H.V. 1993 Histology of in vitro adventitious bud development on cotyledons and hypocotyls of fraser

, J.A. Blanchette, R.A. Zambino, P.J. David, A. 2003 Histology of white pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern white pine Plant Dis. 87 1026 1030 Knight, R

18 389 394 Monosmith, H.R. 1928 An investigation of the histological development and inheritance of male sterility in a clone of Allium cepa L PhD Diss., Univ. California Berkeley Ockendon, D

.B. Kraus, J.E. Romano, E.C. 2000 Hormonal and histological studies related to in vitro banana bud formation Plant Cell. Tiss. Org. Cult. 63 187 192