Little scientific information is available describing morphological development of pawpaw during seed germination. To provide this information, a study was designed to outline important developmental stages and describe seedling characteristics within each stage. Stratified pawpaw seeds were sown in vermiculite and germinated at 25°C in a growth chamber. Ten seedlings were randomly chosen and destructively harvested at 5-day intervals starting at radicle protrusion. Length (mm), fresh and dry weight, and percentage of total dry weight were determined for seedling components. Pawpaw seeds have a small rudimentary embryo with all food reserves stored in a ruminate endosperm. Dry weight measurements showed a dramatic reallocation of reserves from the storage tissue to developing seedling parts. Initial embryo length was less than 3 mm, but within 70 days seedlings exceeded 350 mm. Twelve days after planting, simultaneous radicle and cotyledon growth occurred (3.4 and 3.0 mm, respectively), but neither hypocotyl nor epicotyl was visible. Radicle protrusion was observed at 15 days with radicle, cotyledon and hypocotyl lengths increasing to 4.4, 4.0, and 3.2 mm, respectively. Endosperm comprised 99.1% of total dry weight at this stage. The hypocotyl hook emerged after 30 days and endosperm comprised 76.1% of total dry weight. Cotyledons reached maximum length (29.0 mm) at day 40 and the epicotyl was discernible. At 55 days, the seed coat containing cotyledons and residual endosperm abscised and the average radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl lengths were 182.0, 61.1, and 7.3 mm, respectively. It is suggested that the cotyledons primary function is absorption of food reserves from the endosperm for transfer to the developing seedling.
and suffers from lodging, thus making mechanized harvesting difficult when it is cultivated without support. ‘Tavella Brisa Croscat’ was developed through selection with the aim of preserving the sensory traits of the landrace (low seed-coat
significant difference test at the 95% level. Results Seed structure and morphological characteristics. Sugar pine seeds are large, having a size of ≈1 cm in length and 5 mm in width. Seed coat color is brown to nearly black. Among the three genotypes examined
besides t are required to express various types of partly colored patterns, viz., Cl , Z , Bip , J , and Fib ( Bassett, 2007 ). Seed coat colors are controlled by 10 genes: P , [ C R ], Gy , Z , J , G , B , V , and Rk ( Bassett, 2007
Cited Calub, A.G. 1968 Inheritance of seed coat colour and colour pattern in Vigna sinensis MS thesis, University of the Philippines, college of agriculture. In: Cowpea: Abstract of world literature 14. UTA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Drabo, I. Ladeinde, T
24 cm long with 14 seeds. Coats of dried seeds have a smooth to wrinkled texture and red color ( Fig. 4A ). Seed size is large with a weight of 22.1 g per 100 dry seeds, and dry seeds have an ovoid shape. US-1136 plants grown for 12 weeks without
Cited Coumans, M. Come, D. Gaspars, T. 1976 Stabilized dormancy in sugarbeet fruits. I. Seed coats as a physicochemical barrier to oxygen Bot. Gaz. 137 274 278 Edelstein, M. Ben Tal, Y
hypochlorite and 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 for 1.5 h in a laminar flow hood. Carbon source treatments. After disinfection, seeds coats were removed in half of the seeds and were then distributed randomly in nine media (86 or 87 seeds each) composed of WPM
associated authority files 12 June 2006 < http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html > Murphy, J.B. Stanley, R.G. 1975 Increased germination rates of baldcypress and pondcypress seed following treatments affecting the seed coat Physiol. Plant. 35 135 139 10
National Crabapple Germplasm Genetic Center (Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, lat. 32°420′N, long. 119°550′E). The seed goes through the following process: first, to soften seed coats, seeds were soaked in warm water (40 to 45 °C) for 4 h. Second, to break seed