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, enhance the partition of accumulates from source and sink, and reduce vegetative growth and improve yield of the field crops ( Zhang et al., 2009 ). However, effect of PGRs on yield and plant development varied from species to species ( Rademacher, 2015

. Also, competition among fruit is thought to be proportional to sink size, which in turn is related to fruit and seed mass, but not to fruit number ( Farinelli et al., 2002b ; Rosati et al., 2010 ). In many fruit growth models such as the “Peach” model

source-sink relationships between plants shows that sinks (fruit) cannot produce high yields when the source (roots/leaves) capacity is limited ( Venkateswarlu and Visperas, 1987 ). It has been further reported that fully grown leaves become the source

be continuously supplied in the root zone to enter tissues through the xylem; they can be redirected from more mature source tissues to sink tissue. In a plant, this may take the form of some organs storing nutrients in excess of current needs for

351 Evans, J.R. Santiago, L.S. 2014 PrometheusWiki gold leaf protocol: Gas exchange using LI-COR 6400 Funct. Plant Biol. 41 223 226 doi: 10.1071/FP10900 10.1071/FP10900 Fernandez, G. Pritts, M. 1994 Growth, carbon acquisition, and source–sink

Northwest Amer. Christmas Tree J. 50 2 20 21 Little, C.H.A. 1970 Apical dominance in long shoots of white pine ( Pinus strobus ) Can. J. Bot. 48 239 253 Luxmoore, R.J. Oren, R. Sheriff, D.W. Thomas, R.B. 1995 Source-sink-storage relationships in conifers 197

drying–wetting conditions that occur in irrigated agricultural fields of semiarid regions. N 2 O emissions are reliant on both moisture content and soil NO 3 − ; when available NO 3 − is not a limiting factor, the relationship between moisture content

English abstract) Yong, J.W.H. Hew, C.S. 1995 Partitioning of 14 C assimilates between sources and sinks during different growth stages in the sympodial thin-leaved orchid Oncidium Goldiana Intl. J. Plant Sci. 156 188 196 Yu, Y.C. 2012 Growth response

rapidly increased. Sugars are osmotically active, and facilitate source-to-sink C translocation via the pressure flow of the phloem. Through 14 C labeling, Yang et al. (2002) observed rice ( Oryza sativa ) stem TNC reserves to be remobilized to the

sucrose synthase in ‘Starkrimson’ apple during fruit development Acta Hort. Sinica 29 375 377 Loescher, W.H. Marlow, G.C. Kennedy, R.A. 1982 Sorbitol metabolism and sink-source interconversions in developing apple leaves Plant Physiol. 70 335 339 Morell, M