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Water is fast becoming an economically scarce resource in many areas of the world, especially in arid and semiarid regions such as the Mediterranean basin. The increased competition for water among agricultural, industrial, and urban consumers

Although biocontainers (i.e., plant material–based containers) have emerged as a response to excessive plastic landfill waste, their adoption in the green industry could significantly increase crop watering requirements. Water availability has

) ( Bilderback et al., 2013 ) is available to growers as a tool set that can be used to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of container-grown ornamental crops. The industry has responded positively, as indicated by generally favorable BMP adoption rates in

Municipal tap water, potable and often of the highest quality for direct human consumption and uses (cooking, bathing, etc.), has been the traditional source for urban landscape irrigation. In some regions, such as Texas, as much as one-half of the

99 POSTER SESSION 15 (Abstr. 685-697) Water Stress and Utilization

38 Colloquium 1 (Abstr. 700–705) Water Management and Water Relations of Horticultural Crops

76 POSTER SESSION 9 Water Stress, Water Utilization, & Water Management/Cross-Commodity

76 POSTER SESSION 9 Water Stress, Water Utilization, & Water Management/Cross-Commodity

spread to a wide area in the United States and Mexico. In addition, pecans are currently commercially cropped in other countries such as Brazil, Israel, Australia ( Wakeling et al., 2001 ), and Argentina ( Madero, 2007 ). Pecan trees have a high water

establishment, particularly under high field evapotranspiration conditions, even with optimum irrigation regimes. Restricted water uptake can lead to sudden and severe plant water deficit, resulting in transplant shock ( Nitzsche et al., 1991 ). High air