plastic. The backpack sprayer was calibrated to deliver 0.78 L·min −1 and was equipped with a single flat-fan nozzle (8002VS; Teejet Spraying Systems Co., Glendale Heights, IL) at 35 psi. Beds were covered with virtually impermeable film (Blockade; Berry
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Kshitij Khatri, Natalia Peres, Joseph Noling, and Nathan Boyd
Rebecca C.-C. Hsu and Yung-I Lee
materials, or lignin, may deposit on the seedcoat and contribute to the hydrophobic nature of mature seeds ( Carlson, 1940 ; Lee et al., 2005 ; Yeung et al., 1996 ). These factors may bring about the impermeability of mature seeds and result in low seed
Bret Sparks, Gregg Munshaw, David Williams, Michael Barrett, Jeffrey Beasley, and Paul Woosley
, 2012b ). Fertilizer applied off target onto impermeable surfaces such as driveways and sidewalks is a common source of NPS in the urban landscape ( Arnold and Gibbons, 1996 ). Nitrogen applied in highly soluble forms, such as the inorganic N form urea
Kwang Jin Kim, Eun Ha Yoo, Myeong Il Jeong, Jeong Seob Song, Seung Youn Lee, and Stanley J. Kays
temperature, light intensity, and relative humidity. The test chambers were made of inert materials (i.e., glass surfaces, stainless steel frame, and Teflon) that were impermeable to VOCs. Chamber doors were sealed using an adhesive closed-pore neoprene foam
Alison E. Heather, Hector E. Pérez, and Sandra B. Wilson
recognized in seeds. Physical dormancy results from water-impermeable seed coats or fruit coats. Seeds with embryos that are undifferentiated or underdeveloped at shedding and require time for further development before germination are considered
Yujie Yang, Donglin Zhang, Zhihui Li, Xiaoling Jin, and Jinying Dong
low germination rate and long germination time. It usually takes 2–3 years to overcome the double dormancy of the hard, impermeable seedcoat and immature embryos ( Dirr and Heuser, 2006 ; Hu et al., 1979 ). Pretreatment at room temperature for 2
Patrick J. Conner
higher rates in the second experiment. Mechanically scarifying seeds by nicking the seedcoat did not improve germination, suggesting that dormancy is not controlled by the impermeability of the seedcoat. Leaching the seeds after stratification was also
Dong Sub Kim, Steven B. Kim, Mike Stanghellini, Melody Meyer-Jertberg, and Steven A. Fennimore
complete block design. Treatments included MB:Pic 57:43 covered with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), MB:Pic 45:55 covered with totally impermeable film (TIF), and steam. Steam was applied using the Southern Turf Nurseries applicator on 6 Sept. 2018, and
RATES FOR BELL PEPPER PRODUCTION Reducing application rates of methyl bromide can allow mulched-pepper growers to survive while suitable alternatives to the soil fumigant are found. Santos et al. (p. 596 ) determined that using virtually impermeable
YanLing Zheng, GaoJuan Zhao, and HuanCheng Ma
dormancy is induced by accumulation of some inhibitory substances or by increasing impermeability of the embryos during seed maturation ( van der Kinderen, 1987 ; Yamazaki and Miyoshi, 2006 ). For kapok, as mature fruit split open and seeds disperse by